Manufacturing Industries - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, UPSC

Sugarcane is an indigenous plant of India India is the second largest sugarcane producer in the world, after Brazil. It accounts for 21% of the area and 22% of the total output of the world. 

Lime, produced from high calcium limestone, is used in the production process of sugar. It is used while purifying the juice from beet or cane. Hydrated lime is added to the juice to raise the pH and to react with the impurities to form insoluble calcium organic compounds that can be removed.

Sugarcane residues, such as Molasses, bagasse and press mud are the by-product of sugar industries and their disposal and management is very difficult. The use of these by-products in the agriculture field will solve the disposal problem.

The above information clears that Molasses, bagasse and press mud are the byproducts of the sugar industries, agro-based industry. So the correct option is D. Other options are not suitable.

India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. In India, Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer and second largest producer is Maharashtra.

First Cement Factory of India.
India entered into the Cement Era in 1914, when the Indian Cement Company Ltd. started manufacturing Cement in Porbundar in Gujarat. However, even before that a small cement factory was established in Madras in 1904 by a company named South India Industrial Ltd.

Bharat Aluminium Company Ltd. is situated at Chattisgarh.
(BALCO) is an Indian aluminium company. BALCO was incorporated in the year 1965 as a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) and it was the Public sector until 2001, when it was taken over by Vedanta Resources, a company listed on the London Stock Exchange.

• The first fertilizer plant was set up at Sindri Jharkhand.
• The factory was first in India to produce Ammonium Sulphate (1951), Urea (1959), Ammonium Nitrate-Sulphate, commonly called the Double salt (1959) and was the first fertilizer factory to have its own captive power plant in 1951 and to introduce planning, research and development facilities in 1951.
  Country: India
  State: Jharkhand (Sindri).

 Urea is obtained by several processes. One of methods include a reaction of ammonia, carbon monoxide and sulfur in methanol. Its melting point is 134 ºC and in higher temperatures urea decomposes.

Sugarcane is a bulky raw material and also perishable, i.e, its sucrose content goes on decreasing with time. Therefore, it is necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting. 

• Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport.
• These industries often have spatially fixed costs, which means that the costs of the products do not change despite where the product is assembled. Some industries may have a strong resource orientation, that is, if the raw material used in a production process is heavy and bulky in character, it makes sense to be located close to those natural resources. Heavy manufacturing districts around the world are usually located near major coal deposits. Such a resource-oriented location is often combined with good access to important transportation routes.