Practice Test for NMAT - 2 - CAT MCQ

Read the following passage to answer the Questions. Choose the correct option in each of the questions.

We define the entrepreneur as an individual who identifies opportunities, and on the basis of his/her ability, desire and confidence, makes judgements and decisions pertaining to the coordination of resources in order to exploit those opportunities for personal gain. Personal gain in this context could be financial, fame, prestige or satisfaction from helping other people. This definition extends the concept beyond the narrow limits of profit maximization. It is important to note that entrepreneurial decision making is distinct from routine managerial / administrative decision making by corporate executives.

However, this definition does include innovative venture decisions by executives and others in an already existing organization as legitimate entrepreneurial function. The entrepreneurial function consists of three main elements: recognition of opportunities, judgemental decision and coordination of resources. In terms of organization, the entrepreneur will be involved in risk bearing, autonomous decision making and residual claims. Every person is potentially an entrepreneur. However, the extent of its manifestation in actual entrepreneurial activities, business or otherwise, is a matter of political, social, economic, cultural and ideological influences. Put differently, every human being has an innate ability to become an entrepreneur even though this ability is not always translated into action because of a variety of limiting factors. This observation allows us to propose that there are more than 5 billion entrepreneurs in this world, even though this conjecture may not have been fully manifested in the practical world of business.

If there are more than 5 billion entrepreneurs in this world, how is it that there is such a dearth of entrepreneurs in the world of business? This is an important question in view of the fact that business communities, academia and policy makers in the public realm have begun to talk about possibilities for fostering entrepreneurial growth in the global economy.

Q. The passage implies that it is important to understand:

Refer to the passage below:

To make effective decisions all we have to do is to out-think our opponent. Our decisions needs to be better than that's all. There is no need to be perfect.

The mistake we make is to think through our intellect. If we ask any successful business leader or CEO these days about what has made them so successful, again and again they claim that their success came from something beyond their intellect; something beyond logic and facts; something that gave them the intelligence and guts to take effective decisions. It is simply the intuitive power within them that has helped them make these effective decisions.

We can tune into intuition as part of our regular life. The question therefore is not whether intuition is an inborn quality, but whether we can make ourselves intuitive. When we step into the present, we step out of time-bound awareness. We step beyond tension. Our body stops producing adrenaline. Time-bound awareness is mass, which is solid. Non time-bound awareness is pure energy. Liquid, dynamic, bubbling and creative. We step out of our boundaries. We become free. We become intuitive.

When our thoughts stop our present vision extends into the past and the future. We become free of time and space constraints. When we meditate deeply, we become intuitive, and can reach cosmic intelligence or enlightenment.

Q. According to the passage, a successful business leader

Refer to the passage below:

To make effective decisions all we have to do is to out-think our opponent. Our decisions needs to be better than that's all. There is no need to be perfect.

The mistake we make is to think through our intellect. If we ask any successful business leader or CEO these days about what has made them so successful, again and again they claim that their success came from something beyond their intellect; something beyond logic and facts; something that gave them the intelligence and guts to take effective decisions. It is simply the intuitive power within them that has helped them make these effective decisions.

We can tune into intuition as part of our regular life. The question therefore is not whether intuition is an inborn quality, but whether we can make ourselves intuitive. When we step into the present, we step out of time-bound awareness. We step beyond tension. Our body stops producing adrenaline. Time-bound awareness is mass, which is solid. Non time-bound awareness is pure energy. Liquid, dynamic, bubbling and creative. We step out of our boundaries. We become free. We become intuitive.

When our thoughts stop our present vision extends into the past and the future. We become free of time and space constraints. When we meditate deeply, we become intuitive, and can reach cosmic intelligence or enlightenment.

Q. Which of the following statements CANNOT be directly inferred from the above passage?

Refer to the passage below:

To make effective decisions all we have to do is to out-think our opponent. Our decisions needs to be better than that's all. There is no need to be perfect.

The mistake we make is to think through our intellect. If we ask any successful business leader or CEO these days about what has made them so successful, again and again they claim that their success came from something beyond their intellect; something beyond logic and facts; something that gave them the intelligence and guts to take effective decisions. It is simply the intuitive power within them that has helped them make these effective decisions.

We can tune into intuition as part of our regular life. The question therefore is not whether intuition is an inborn quality, but whether we can make ourselves intuitive. When we step into the present, we step out of time-bound awareness. We step beyond tension. Our body stops producing adrenaline. Time-bound awareness is mass, which is solid. Non time-bound awareness is pure energy. Liquid, dynamic, bubbling and creative. We step out of our boundaries. We become free. We become intuitive.

When our thoughts stop our present vision extends into the past and the future. We become free of time and space constraints. When we meditate deeply, we become intuitive, and can reach cosmic intelligence or enlightenment.

Q. The MOST APPROPRIATE title for the passage might be

Read the following four passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Farmers make decisions in a risky, ever changing environment. The consequences of their decisions are generally not known when the decisions are made, and outcomes may be better or worse than expected. Variability of prices and yields are major sources of risk in agriculture. Changes in technology, legal and social concerns, and the human factor itself also contribute to the risky environment for farmers. Risky situations of concern are typically those in which either there is a high possibility of adverse consequences and or the adverse consequences, should they occur, would cause significant disruptions.

Farmers and other business people generally do not get into risky situations unless there is a probability of making money. Higher profits are typically associated with higher risks. It is to their advantage that these risky but potentially profitable situations be managed as carefully as possible. Effective risk management involves anticipating possible difficulties and planning to reduce their consequences, not just reacting to unfavourable events after they occur. The two

primary aspects of risk management are:

1) anticipating that an unfavourable event may occur and acting to reduce the probability of its occurrence and

2) taking actions which will reduce the adverse consequences should the unfavourable event occur.

For example, risk management in the machinery area might involve a complete overhaul of an old tractor before the busy season to reduce the chances of a major breakdown. Also, during planting and harvesting, most farmers keep some key spare parts readily available. While the spare parts do not prevent a breakdown from occurring, the unfavorable consequences are reduced.

Some responses to risk, like hedging, may narrow the range of possible outcomes. With hedging, a farmer gives up the chance of a very high price, but is protected from a low price. Other risk responses, like insurance, may involve paying a premium to eliminate the consequences of a ``bad'' event. All of the responses to risk involve a cost, whether explicit like the insurance premium or implicit like the possible high price given up. A risk management strategy is developed using a variety of the available responses to risk.

Q. According to the passage, risk management is important in order to:

Read the following four passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.

Farmers make decisions in a risky, ever changing environment. The consequences of their decisions are generally not known when the decisions are made, and outcomes may be better or worse than expected. Variability of prices and yields are major sources of risk in agriculture. Changes in technology, legal and social concerns, and the human factor itself also contribute to the risky environment for farmers. Risky situations of concern are typically those in which either there is a high possibility of adverse consequences and or the adverse consequences, should they occur, would cause significant disruptions.

Farmers and other business people generally do not get into risky situations unless there is a probability of making money. Higher profits are typically associated with higher risks. It is to their advantage that these risky but potentially profitable situations be managed as carefully as possible. Effective risk management involves anticipating possible difficulties and planning to reduce their consequences, not just reacting to unfavourable events after they occur. The two primary aspects of risk management are:

1) anticipating that an unfavourable event may occur and acting to reduce the probability of its occurrence and

2) taking actions which will reduce the adverse consequences should the unfavourable event occur.

For example, risk management in the machinery area might involve a complete overhaul of an old tractor before the busy season to reduce the chances of a major breakdown. Also, during planting and harvesting, most farmers keep some key spare parts readily available. While the spare parts do not prevent a breakdown from occurring, the unfavorable consequences are reduced.

Some responses to risk, like hedging, may narrow the range of possible outcomes. With hedging, a farmer gives up the chance of a very high price, but is protected from a low price. Other risk responses, like insurance, may involve paying a premium to eliminate the consequences of a ``bad'' event. All of the responses to risk involve a cost, whether explicit like the insurance premium or implicit like the possible high price given up. A risk management strategy is developed using a variety of the available responses to risk.

Q. Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the passage?

Directions for Questions: Analyse the passage given and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.

Deborah Mayo is a philosopher of science who has attempted to capture the implications of the new experimentalism in a philosophically rigorous way. Mayo focuses on the detailed way in which claims are validated by experiment, and is concerned with identifying just what claims are borne out and how. A key idea underlying her treatment is that a claim can only be said to be supported by experiment if the various ways in which the claim could be at fault have been investigated and eliminated. A claim can only be said to be borne out by experiment, and a severe test of a claim, as usefully construed by Mayo, must be such that the claim would be unlikely to pass if it were false.

Her idea can be explained by some simple examples. Suppose Snell's law of refraction of light is tested by some very rough experiments in which very large margins of error are attributed to the measurements of angles of incidence and refraction, and suppose that the results are shown to be compatible with the law within those margins of error. Has the law been supported by experiments that have severely tested it? From Mayo's perspective the answer is no because, owing to the roughness of the measurements, the law of refraction would be quite likely to pass this test even if it were false and some other law differing not too much from Snell's law true. An exercise I carried out in my school-teaching days serves to drive this point home. My students had conducted some not very careful experiments to test Snell's law. I then presented them with some alternative laws of refraction that had been suggested in antiquity and mediaeval times, prior to the discovery of Snell's law, and invited the students to test them with the measurements they had used to test Snell's law; because of the wide margins of error they had attributed to their measurements, all of these alternative laws pass the test. This clearly brings out the point that the experiments in question did not constitute a severe test of Snell's law. The law would have passed the test even if it were false and one of the historical alternatives true.

Q. As per Mayo's perspective, which of the following best defines the phrase scientific explanation ?

Directions for Questions: Analyse the passage given and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.

Deborah Mayo is a philosopher of science who has attempted to capture the implications of the new experimentalism in a philosophically rigorous way. Mayo focuses on the detailed way in which claims are validated by experiment, and is concerned with identifying just what claims are borne out and how. A key idea underlying her treatment is that a claim can only be said to be supported by experiment if the various ways in which the claim could be at fault have been investigated and eliminated. A claim can only be said to be borne out by experiment, and a severe test of a claim, as usefully construed by Mayo, must be such that the claim would be unlikely to pass if it were false.

Her idea can be explained by some simple examples. Suppose Snell's law of refraction of light is tested by some very rough experiments in which very large margins of error are attributed to the measurements of angles of incidence and refraction, and suppose that the results are shown to be compatible with the law within those margins of error. Has the law been supported by experiments that have severely tested it? From Mayo's perspective the answer is no because, owing to the roughness of the measurements, the law of refraction would be quite likely to pass this test even if it were false and some other law differing not too much from Snell's law true. An exercise I carried out in my school-teaching days serves to drive this point home. My students had conducted some not very careful experiments to test Snell's law. I then presented them with some alternative laws of refraction that had been suggested in antiquity and mediaeval times, prior to the discovery of Snell's law, and invited the students to test them with the measurements they had used to test Snell's law; because of the wide margins of error they had attributed to their measurements, all of these alternative laws pass the test. This clearly brings out the point that the experiments in question did not constitute a severe test of Snell's law. The law would have passed the test even if it were false and one of the historical alternatives true.

Q. Which of the following conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

Directions for Questions: Analyse the passage given and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.

Deborah Mayo is a philosopher of science who has attempted to capture the implications of the new experimentalism in a philosophically rigorous way. Mayo focuses on the detailed way in which claims are validated by experiment, and is concerned with identifying just what claims are borne out and how. A key idea underlying her treatment is that a claim can only be said to be supported by experiment if the various ways in which the claim could be at fault have been investigated and eliminated. A claim can only be said to be borne out by experiment, and a severe test of a claim, as usefully construed by Mayo, must be such that the claim would be unlikely to pass if it were false.

Her idea can be explained by some simple examples. Suppose Snell's law of refraction of light is tested by some very rough experiments in which very large margins of error are attributed to the measurements of angles of incidence and refraction, and suppose that the results are shown to be compatible with the law within those margins of error. Has the law been supported by experiments that have severely tested it? From Mayo's perspective the answer is no because, owing to the roughness of the measurements, the law of refraction would be quite likely to pass this test even if it were false and some other law differing not too much from Snell's law true. An exercise I carried out in my school-teaching days serves to drive this point home. My students had conducted some not very careful experiments to test Snell's law. I then presented them with some alternative laws of refraction that had been suggested in antiquity and mediaeval times, prior to the discovery of Snell's law, and invited the students to test them with the measurements they had used to test Snell's law; because of the wide margins of error they had attributed to their measurements, all of these alternative laws pass the test. This clearly brings out the point that the experiments in question did not constitute a severe test of Snell's law. The law would have passed the test even if it were false and one of the historical alternatives true.

Q. The author's use of Snell's law of refraction to illustrate Mayo's perspective can best said to be

Directions for Questions: Analyse the passage given and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.

Deborah Mayo is a philosopher of science who has attempted to capture the implications of the new experimentalism in a philosophically rigorous way. Mayo focuses on the detailed way in which claims are validated by experiment, and is concerned with identifying just what claims are borne out and how. A key idea underlying her treatment is that a claim can only be said to be supported by experiment if the various ways in which the claim could be at fault have been investigated and eliminated. A claim can only be said to be borne out by experiment, and a severe test of a claim, as usefully construed by Mayo, must be such that the claim would be unlikely to pass if it were false.

Her idea can be explained by some simple examples. Suppose Snell's law of refraction of light is tested by some very rough experiments in which very large margins of error are attributed to the measurements of angles of incidence and refraction, and suppose that the results are shown to be compatible with the law within those margins of error. Has the law been supported by experiments that have severely tested it? From Mayo's perspective the answer is no because, owing to the roughness of the measurements, the law of refraction would be quite likely to pass this test even if it were false and some other law differing not too much from Snell's law true. An exercise I carried out in my school-teaching days serves to drive this point home. My students had conducted some not very careful experiments to test Snell's law. I then presented them with some alternative laws of refraction that had been suggested in antiquity and mediaeval times, prior to the discovery of Snell's law, and invited the students to test them with the measurements they had used to test Snell's law; because of the wide margins of error they had attributed to their measurements, all of these alternative laws pass the test. This clearly brings out the point that the experiments in question did not constitute a severe test of Snell's law. The law would have passed the test even if it were false and one of the historical alternatives true.

Q. If John makes a statement, "I had two cups of coffee this morning and subsequently had a headache" followed by a claim - "The coffee caused me to have a headache", then would you, from the perspective of Deborah Mayo, agree with the claim and why?

A word in capital is followed by four options. From the options, find the appropriate word that reflects the closest or similar meaning (synonym) to the given word.

BEREAVEMENT

A word in capital is followed by four options. From the options, find the appropriate word that reflects the closest or similar meaning (synonym) to the given word.

MORIBUND

choose the option that is closest in meaning to the capitalized word in the sentences.

By long brooding over our recollections, we “SUBTILIZE” them into something akin to imaginary stuff, and hardly capable of being distinguished from it.

The question below has blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

_______ the first weeks ______ his arrest, unidentified "former prosecutors" and "criminal lawyers who have followed the case" and "legal sources" were repeatedly quoted in various media outlets asserting that Ruth, Mark, and Andrew Madoff were _____ investigation and would soon be indicted

The question below has blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

if you gave people a mustard taste test, a significant number had only ____ try Grey Poupon once to switch ____ yellow mustard. In the food world that almost never happens; even among the most successful food brands, only ______ one in a hundred has that kind of conversion rate

The question below has blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

They continue to believe that morality must depend ____ religion. Although the market is neither moral nor immoral, human self-interest usually brings _____ good behaviour ____ the marketplace.

Arrange the given sentences in the most logical sequence.

i. She was so innovative that she had begun to include the songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore in her repertoire even before the word "Rabindra Sangeet" was coined.

ii. Gauhar knew she could gain the goodwill of the Bengali babus by singing as many Bengali songs as she could in her soirees.

iii. Instead, she rendered them in her own style, giving them a classical twist.

iv. Gauhar was not afraid to defy the norms and in fact she seldom used the tunes that Tagore had set his songs to.

Arrange the given sentences in the most logical sequence.

i. At dusk, I allowed Adele to put away books and work, and to run downstairs.

ii. Twilight and snowflakes together thickened the air hid the very shrubs

iii. The afternoon was wild and snowy and we passed it in the schoolroom.

iv. Left alone, I walked to the window but nothing was to be seen there.

Arrange the given sentences in the most logical sequence.

Question consists of four jumbled sentences, which need to be arranged in logical sequence. Choose the option which has the correct logical sequence.

i. Ironically, the Iranian television programmers had mainly chosen that film because it lacks female characters.

ii. A few years ago some members of the Iranian Parliament set up an investigative committee to examine the content of national television.

iii. The cartoon version of Around the World in Eighty Days was also castigated, because the main character - a lion - was British and the film ended in that bastion of imperialism, London.

iv. The committee issued a lengthy report in which it condemned the showing of Billy Budd, because it claimed, the story promoted homosexuality.

In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The children living in rural areas continue to be deprived of a quality education. Part of the reason is their teachers. A large number of teachers (A) to teach in rural areas and those that do are usually under qualified. In recent years the number of qualified teachers has increased because of (B) efforts by the government and private groups to (C) the general education and professional training of teachers. There is more of an emphasis on the training of rural teachers, whose educational backgrounds are generally not as (D) as their urban counterparts.

A

options~

A. reject

B. averse

C. gear

D. refuse

E. adamant

In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The children living in rural areas continue to be deprived of a quality education. Part of the reason is their teachers. A large number of teachers (A) to teach in rural areas and those that do are usually under qualified. In recent years the number of qualified teachers has increased because of (B) efforts by the government and private groups to (C) the general education and professional training of teachers. There is more of an emphasis on the training of rural teachers, whose educational backgrounds are generally not as (D) as their urban counterparts.

B

In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The children living in rural areas continue to be deprived of a quality education. Part of the reason is their teachers. A large number of teachers (A) to teach in rural areas and those that do are usually under qualified. In recent years the number of qualified teachers has increased because of (B) efforts by the government and private groups to (C) the general education and professional training of teachers. There is more of an emphasis on the training of rural teachers, whose educational backgrounds are generally not as (D) as their urban counterparts.

C

In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The children living in rural areas continue to be deprived of a quality education. Part of the reason is their teachers. A large number of teachers (A) to teach in rural areas and those that do are usually under qualified. In recent years the number of qualified teachers has increased because of (B) efforts by the government and private groups to (C) the general education and professional training of teachers. There is more of an emphasis on the training of rural teachers, whose educational backgrounds are generally not as (D) as their urban counterparts.

D

In each question there is a statement followed by three starters which are denoted by(A), (B) and(C).Each starter is a group of first few words of the sentence which, on proper completion, is supposed to convey the same meaning of the original statement. Find out which one or more starters can form grammatically correct sentence(s) to convey the “SAME” meaning of the original statement.

It was too dark for us to be able to see anything. (A) We could not see ....... (B) Since we could not see ....... (C) For us, it was so dark to .......

In each question there is a statement followed by three starters which are denoted by(A), (B) and(C).Each starter is a group of first few words of the sentence which, on proper completion, is supposed to convey the same meaning of the original statement. Find out which one or more starters can form grammatically correct sentence(s) to convey the “SAME” meaning of the original statement.

So terrible was the earthquake that all the skyscrapers in the locality were completely ruined.

(A) Owing to the intensity.......

(B) None of the skyscrapers in the .......

(C) The intensity of earthquake was so high that......

In each question there is a statement followed by three starters which are denoted by(A), (B) and(C). Each starter is a group of first few words of the sentence which, on proper completion, is supposed to convey the same meaning of the original statement. Find out which one or more starters can form grammatically correct sentence(s) to convey the SAME meaning of the original statement.

You must act as per my instructions only.

(A) Only you act.......

(B) My instructions .......

(C) You must do......

options~

A. Any one of the three

B. Either A or B

C. Either B or C

D. Either A or C

E. None of these

In each question there is a statement followed by three starters which are denoted by(A), (B) and(C).Each starter is a group of first few words of the sentence which, on proper completion, is supposed to convey the same meaning of the original statement. Find out which one or more starters can form grammatically correct sentence(s) to convey the SAME meaning of the original statement.

If you are diligent, you can master any skill in a short time span.

(A) Unless you master.......

(B) If you can be mastering ..

(C) Inspite of being diligent