Level 1 Test: Biological Classification - NEET MCQ

Protists are microscopic organisms whose cell structure is eukaryotic. Cell membranes surround protists. These may be an outer covering of pellicle, cuticle shell or cellulose wall. It contains organelles like mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes etc.

Viroids are free-living and are composed of a short, circular single-stranded RNA without a protein coat. So, the correct option is 'Blank A- Free RNA Blank B- Protein coat'.

A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont) growing together in a symbiotic relationship.

It affects protein on denaturation, and nuclease enzymes affect nucleic acid and pressure will affect the composition but not the viruses. They are resistant to all. So, the correct option is option D.

Taxonomy of Fungi is based on Reproduction, though there is no unique generally accepted system at the higher taxonomic levels and there are frequent name changes at every level, from species upwards. Efforts among researchers are now underway to establish and encourage usage of a unified and more consistent nomenclature. Fungal species can also have multiple scientific names depending on their life cycle and mode (sexual or asexual) of Reproduction.

Both Assertion and Reason are right, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

Microbes produce different types of gaseous end-product during growth and metabolism. Certain bacteria that grow anaerobically on cellulosic material produce large amounts of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas. These bacterias are collectively called methanogens. Methanogens are used in biogas production. Hence, Option D is correct.

The arrangement of capsomere units in the viral capsid determines the symmetry of the bacteriophage. Binal symmetry is asymmetry used for the bacteriophages having complex symmetry with the icosahedral head and helical tail. A virus with a head with 12 vertices (corner), 20 facets (sides) and 30 edges is known as icosahedral. For example, T2 bacteriophage.

In response to adverse conditions (such as a lack of moisture), the slime mould produces sporangia, typically round structures borne on stalks. Through an asexual process, sporangia produce structures, called spores that germinate and begin their life cycle again.

Heterotrophs eat ready-made complex organic food. From this, they obtain energy for metabolism, atoms and molecules to build new protoplasm or repair worn-out parts, and ions, coenzymes and vitamins vital for chemical processes. There are four types of heterotrophic nutrition - saprophytic, parasitic, symbiotic and insectivorous. Saprotrophs are decomposers and liberate energy for their own use by breaking down complicated organic matter from other organisms' dead bodies. Simultaneously, this process releases vital chemical elements into the soil, which are absorbed by autotrophs. Thus, saprotrophs aid the recycling of materials from dead organisms to living ones. Fungal and bacterial saprotrophs are referred to as saprophyte, while animal saprotrophs are called sporozoites. Parasites live in or on other living organisms (called as the host) generally receiving shelter and deriving nutrients from it. The parasites may cause harm to the host plant.

The beautiful diatoms and desmids are placed under chrysophytes. Chrysophytes belong to the kingdom Protista. The group contains about 5500 species. They occur in all aquatic and moist terrestrial habitats. The body is covered by a transparent siliceous shell (silica deposited in a cell wall) known as a frustule. The frustule is made up of two valves, epitheca, and hypotheca. The two valves fit together like a soapbox. Diatoms are very important photosynthesizers. They are perfect pollution indicators.

Mixotrophic nutrition is obtaining food from both the way autotrophic and heterotrophic and utilizing the food for life processes. In this mode of nutrition, the organism receives carbon and energy from different sources. Euglena exhibits this mode because it produces its food through photosynthesis, and it is also a heterotrophic organism because it absorbs prepared food.

Suspended food (phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae and other water-borne nutrients and particles) are trapped in the mucus of a gill, and from there are transported to the mouth, where they are eaten, digested and expelled as faeces or pseudofeces.

1.In this specific group of the fungi club fungi , two different hyphae come close to each other and result in the primary fusion and form a club-like structure.
2.This club-like structure is commonly known as the basidium.
Firstly these club fungi form asexual spore by the process of budding these spores are generally haploid .
3.After the formation of basidia these spores are transferred to the basidia here two haploid spores fuse with each other and give rise to a diploid zygote .
4.This again undergoes meiosis type of division and forms 4 haploid cells with each cell have its own separate nucleus.
5.Then these cells get migrated towards the terminal of the basidia and result in the formation of four individual projections and these new projections are separated by the cell wall to form the spore.
6.When the two individual hyphae got fuse with each other then the sage of dikaryotic obtained in the basidia as these both hypha have it’s separate nucleus and then the basidia have two nucleus this stage is prolonged and results in the formation of fruiting body.
So here both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Hence the correct answer is OPTION(A)

Parasexuality was first found by Pontencorvo and Roper (1952) in a fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Like a sexual cycle, Parasexuality allows the species to recombine the genome and produce new genotypes in their offspring. Unlike a sexual cycle, the process lacks coordination and is exclusively mitotic. Parasexuality helps in recombination without meiosis and fertilization.