Class 7 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, UPSC

• The qualifications to become a member of the Legislative Assembly are largely similar to the qualifications to be a member of Parliament.

• i) The person should be a citizen of India ii) not less than 25 years of age to be a member of the Legislative Assembly and not less than 30 years as per Article 173 of Indian Constitution to be a member of the Legislative Council.

• No person can become a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of any state, unless the individual is a voter from any constituency of the state. Those who cannot become members of Parliament also cannot become members of the state legislature.

• The member is elected by the people of that particular constituency and represents those people in the legislative assembly and debates on issues related to his or her constituency.

• The MLA's position is like an MP, but the difference is only that MLA is in the state level and the MP is in the national level.

5/6 of the total number of members of a legislative council are indirectly elected and 1/6 are nominated by the governor. The members are elected in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. Further Reading: State Legislature – Article 168 – 212.

• In 1997, the Supreme Court passed a landmark judgment in the same Vishaka case laying down guidelines to be followed by establishments in dealing with complaints about sexual harassment.

• "Vishaka Guidelines" were stipulated by the Supreme Court of India, in Vishaka and others v State of Rajasthan case in 1997, regarding sexual harassment at workplace. The court stated that these guidelines were to be implemented until legislation is passed to deal with the issue.

• The court decided that the consideration of "International Conventions and norms are significant for the purpose of interpretation of the guarantee of gender equality, right to work with human dignity in Articles 14, 15 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution and the safeguards against sexual harassment implicit therein."

• Vernacular Press Act, 1878 was constituted for ‘better control’ of the vernacular press and effectively punished and repressed seditious writing. The provisions of the Act are given below:

(A) The district magistrate was empowered to call upon the printer and publisher of any vernacular newspaper to enter into a bond with the Government undertaking not to cause disaffection against the government or antipathy between persons of different religions, caste, race through published material; the printer and publisher could also be required to deposit security which could be seized if the offences reoccurred.

(B) The magistrate’s action was final and no appeal could be made in a court of law.

(C) A vernacular newspaper could get an exemption from the operation of the Act by submitting proof to a government censor.

Social advertisements refer to advertisements made by the State or private agencies that have a larger message for society. For example: Social advertisement regarding educational rights of disabled children and social Advertisement regarding crossing of unmanned railway crossings. Consumer refers to the person for whom the goods or products have been made and who pays money to buy and use them.

• The Indian Constitution recognises all Indians as equal before the law and states that no person can be discriminated against because of their religion, sex, caste or whether they are rich or poor.

• All adults in India have the equal right to vote during elections and this ‘power over the ballot box’ has been used by people to elect or replace their representatives.Poverty and the lack of resources continue to be a key reason why so many people’s lives in India are highly unequal.

• Discrimination on the basis of a person’s religion, caste and sex is another significant factor for why people are treated unequally in India.

• The Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) in Madhya Pradesh is a federation of Fisher Worker's cooperatives – an organisation fighting for the rights of the displaced forest dwellers of the Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh.

• River Tawa originates in the Mahadeo hills of Chhindwara district, flows through Betul, before joining the Narmada in Hoshangabad. The Tawa dam began to be built in 1958 and was completed in 1978. It submerged large areas of forest and agricultural land.

• Erode’s bi-weekly cloth market in Tamil Nadu is one of the largest cloth markets in the world. A large variety of cloth is sold in this market. Cloth that is made by weavers in the villages around is also brought here for sale.

• The arrangement between the merchant and the weavers is an example of a putting-out system, whereby the merchant supplies the raw material and receives the finished product. It is prevalent in the weaving industry in most regions of India.

• A weekly market is so called because it is held only on a specific day of the week.Weekly markets do not have permanent shops. Traders set up shops for the day and then close them up in the evening.

• Many things in weekly markets are available at cheaper rates. This is because when shops are in permanent buildings, they incur a lot of expenditure – they have to pay rent, electricity, fees to the government.

• Chain of markets is a series of markets that are connected like links in a chain because products pass from one market to another Goods are produced in factories, on farms and in Homes.

• The people in between the producer and the final consumer are the traders. The wholesale trader first buys goods in large quantities. For example, the vegetable wholesale trader will not buy a few kilos of vegetables, but will buy in large lots of 25 to 100 kilos.

• These will then be sold to other traders. In these markets, buying and selling takes place between traders. It is through these links of traders that goods reach faraway places. The trader who finally sells this to the consumer, is the retailer.