General Awareness Test- 2 - CAT MCQ

An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

The Green Revolution is referred to as the process of increasing agricultural production by incorporating modern tools and techniques.

The Green Revolution spread over the period from 1967/68 to 1977/78 and changed India’s status from a food-deficient country to one of the world's leading agricultural nations.

The components of the Green Revolution-

• HYV Seeds- These are seeds are of better quality than normal quality seeds. Mr. Borlaugh had been able to develop a seed which was raised in its nature of nutrients supplied to the different parts of wheat plant-against the leaves, stem, and in favor of the grain. This made the plant dwarf and the grain heavier- resulting in a high yield. These seeds were non-photosynthetic, hence non-dependent on sun rays for targeted yields.

• The Chemical Fertilisers- The level of nutrients HYV seeds required could not be supplied with the traditional composites. That is why a high concentration fertilizer was required which could be given to the targeted seed only, the option was the use of chemical fertilizers - urea, phosphate, potash.

• The irrigation- For controlled growth of crops and adequate dilution of fertilizers, a controlled means of water supply was required.

• Chemical Herbicides and Weedicides- To prevent costlier inputs of fertilizers not being consumed by the herbs and the weeds in the farmlands, herbicides, and weedicides were used while sowing the HYV Seeds.

• Credit, Storage, and Marketing- All the peripheral infrastructure were developed with the softer loans coming from the World Bank.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

• Dandiya is a folk dance of Gujarat. It is also known as Dandiya raas or Raas.
• The folk dance is performed at the Navaratri festival.
• The dance is also performed in the Marwar region of Rajasthan.
• Dandiya Ras, Garba, Tippani Juriun, and Bhavai are the major folk dances of Gujrat.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Indian National Congress (INC) and Safety valve theory:

• A.O.Hume retired from the civil service in 1882.

• In 1883 he wrote an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University, calling upon them to form their own national political movement.

• Hence A.O. Hume was responsible for the successful holding for the first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885. Hence statement A is correct.

• W C Banerjee was the first president of Congress for the first session of INC.

• The concept of Safety Valve Theory says that the British had seen the political situation in the country leading to another rebellion on the lines of the Mutiny of 1857, and they wished to avoid such a situation.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• India assumed the chairmanship and it marks a new chapter in the 100 years of a productive relationship between India and ILO. So, statement 1 is correct.
• Shri Apurva Chandra, Secretary (Labour and Employment) has been elected as the Chairperson of the Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation for the period October 2020- June 2021.
• The Governing Body is the apex executive body of the ILO which decides policies, programs, agenda, budget and elects the Director-General. So, statement 2 is correct.
• This opportunity will provide a platform to apprise participants of the transformational initiative taken by the government in removing the rigidities of the labor market.
• Shri Apurva Chandra chaired the committee to draft the new Defence Acquisition Procedure.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• Virat Kohli has become the first-ever batsman to score 3,000 runs in T-20 International.
• Kohli achieved the milestone during the second T20-International against England at Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad on 14 March 2021.
• He now has 3,001 runs from 87 T20I matches.
• New Zealand's Martin Guptill is second on the list of T20I cricket, having scored 2,839 runs in 99 matches.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

• It is non-toxic and non-flammable and can be converted from a liquid to a gas and vice versa.
• They are also called Freons.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are largely used as refrigerants, solvents, blowing agents in plastic formation, and as aerosol-propellants.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala case outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Constitution.
• The case was held in 1973.
• This case made Preamble an essential and integral part of the Constitution
• This case results in a judgment that basic structure can not be altered or destroyed by any of the constitutional amendments act passed by the legislation.
• A book titled "The Kesavananda Bharati Case: The untold story of the struggle for supremacy by Supreme Court and Parliament" was written by T R Andhyarujina.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• Baseball is a game played between two teams equipped with a ball, a bat, and gloves.
• Each baseball team has 9 players each, playing on a diamond-laid field with 4 white bases.
• Not a single Major League Baseball game has ever had a woman player.
• On August 26, 1939, the first professional baseball game aired on TV.
• Alex Rodriguez reigns as the richest baseball player of all time with over $450 million in earnings.
• A baseball game usually lasts 3 hours long.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

• Originally the constitution envisaged two types of privileges under Article 105 of the Indian constitution.
• One is freedom of speech in Parliament and the right of publication of its proceedings.
• The concept of parliamentary privilege in the Constitution of India has been taken from the British Constitution.
• The main motive of these privileges is to uphold the supremacy of the office of the Parliament and its members.
• These rights are also given to those individuals who speak and participate in any committee of the Parliament, which includes the Attorney General of India and the Union Ministers.
• The President, even if he is part of Parliament, does not have parliamentary privileges.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• Banks are required to hold a certain proportion of their deposits in the form of cash.
• This minimum ratio (that is the part of the total deposits to be held as cash) is stipulated by the RBI and is known as the CRR. So Statement 1 is Not Correct.
• It means that banks do not have access to that much amount for any economic activity or commercial activity.
• Banks can’t lend the money to corporates or individual borrowers, banks can’t use that money for investment purposes.
• CRR remains in the current account and banks don’t earn anything on that.
• When the RBI lowers CRR, it infuses more liquidity in the market and is said to be following an expansionary monetary policy. So Statement 2 is Correct.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Visible Light Communication Technology

• It is a wireless method that enables high-speed transmission of data with visible light.

• It makes use of the Visible Light spectrum. It occupies the spectrum from 380 nm to 750 nm. So statement 1 is correct.

• It enables high-speed internet access primarily in the indoor environment.

• It works on the principle of intensity modulation of existing solid-state lighting infrastructure often provided by light-emitting diodes.

• The data is transmitted by modulating the intensity of light given off by a light source and the signal is received by a photodiode device that transforms the data into forms that are readily consumed by end-users.

• VLC systems operate at optical frequencies and emit no electromagnetic interference. Therefore, it can be used in Healthcare services. So statement 4 is correct.

Advantage of this technology-

• The size of the visible light spectrum is 10,000 times larger than the entire radio spectrum.

• Light travels 186,000 miles per second, which is much faster than the 344 meters per second traveled by radio waves in the air.

• The nature of light is that it is unable to pass through opaque walls. So, VLCT is used in indoor environments/short range. So statement 2 is not correct.

• Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity. It is a technology under VLCT. It can transmit enormous amounts of data through LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes).

• Li-Fi can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth and wi-fi. So statement 3 is correct.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• Ramabai Ranade founded the Ladies Social Conference (Bharat Mahila Parishad), under the parent organization National Social Conference, in 1904 in Bombay.
• In 1910, Sarla Devi Chaudhurani convened the first meeting of the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in Allahabad.
• Considered as the first major Indian women’s organization set up by a woman, its objectives included the promotion of education for women, abolition of the purdah system, and improvement in the socio-economic and political status of women all over India.
• Sarla Devi believed that the man working for women’s upliftment lived ‘under the shade of Manu’.
• Pandita Ramabai Saraswati founded the Arya Mahila Samaj to serve the cause of women. She pleaded for improvement in the educational syllabus of Indian women before the English Education Commission which was referred to Queen Victoria.
• Mehribai Tata played a vital role in its formation and advancement. She opined that the purdah system, caste differences, and lack of education prevented women from working to solve societal problems.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Article 266(1) of the Constitution of India makes provision for the Consolidated Fund of India.

Source of Credit:

• Direct and indirect taxes Loans taken by the Indian government.

• Returning of loans/interests of loans to the government by others.

• The government meets all its expenditure from this fund.

• The government needs parliamentary approval to withdraw money from this fund.

• The expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India is not subjected to vote but the discussion can be held

• The Comptroller and Auditor General of India audit these funds.

The following expenditure shall be expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India:

• The emoluments and allowances of the President and other expenditures as related to its office.
• The salaries and allowances of the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of State and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
• Debt charges for which the Government of India is liable including interest, sinking fund charges and redemption charges, and other expenditures related to the raising of loans and the service and redemption of Debt. So, Statement 2 is correct.
• The salaries, allowances, and pensions were payable to or in respect of Judges of the Supreme Court. So, Statement 4 is correct.
• The pension is payable to or in respect of Judges of the federal court the pension payable to on respect of the Judges of the High Court.
• The salary allowances and pension are payable to or in respect of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. So, Statement 4 is correct.
• Any sums required to satisfy any judgment, decree, or award of any Court or Arbitral Tribunal. So, Statement 3 is correct.
• Any other expenditure declared by the constitution or by Parliament by law to be so charged. So, Statement 1 is correct.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Aims and Objectives:

• To further boost startups and software products with a special focus on Tier-II towns of India.

• Identify around 300 startups working in identified areas and provide them seed funds of up to Rs. 25 Lakh and other facilities.

Under this challenge the Ministry of Electronics and IT will invite startups in the following areas of work:

• Edu-Tech, Agri-Tech & Fin-Tech Solutions for masses.

• Supply Chain, Logistics & Transportation Management.

• Infrastructure & Remote monitoring.

• Medical Healthcare, Diagnostic, Preventive & Psychological Care.

• Jobs & Skilling, Linguistic tools & technologies.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Gini coefficient:

• It is intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents and is the most commonly used measure of inequality.

• A nation with a Gini score of 0 has perfect income equality, and a score of 100 has perfect inequality (i.e., all the wealth is owned by a single person).

• If the Gini coefficient of Nation A is higher than nation B, there is no guarantee that Nation A will be wealthier or poorer than Nation B.

• For e.g. Brazil has a higher Gini than Canada, the latter is wealthier. So, statement 1 is NOT correct.

• It is possible that a more unequal nation has better social indicators than a more equal nation. For e.g. the USA has a higher Gini coefficient than India, yet the former has better social indicators. So, statement 2 is NOT correct.

• No conclusive inference can be drawn about statement 3. So, statement 3 is NOT correct.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Pitts India Act, 1784

• It distinguished between the commercial and political functions of the Company.

• It allowed the Court of Directors to manage the commercial affairs but created a new body called the Board of Control to manage the political affairs.

• Thus, it established a system of double government.

• It empowered the Board of Control to supervise and direct all operations of the civil and military government or revenues of the British possessions in India.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

• MS Dhoni has won the ICC Spirit of Cricket Award of the Decade Award.
• Dhoni won the award for his decision to call back Ian Bell after the former England batsman was run out in a bizarre manner during a Test match in 2011.
• MS Dhoni honored Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honor given for achievement in sports, 2007–08.
• Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, 2018.
• Padma Shri in India's fourth-highest civilian award, in 2009.

Team India's Achievement under Dhoni's captaincy -

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  India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20.

•  

  The Asia Cups in 2010 and 2016.

•  

  ICC Cricket World Cup, 2011.

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  ICC Champions Trophy 2013.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• Jointly developed with National Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (NFSSM) Alliance, the book presents 27 case studies across 10 states and various service and business models adopted by Indian cities while implementing FSSM initiatives. So statement 3 is correct.
• The report mentions that about 60% of urban households rely on onsite sanitation systems, which require dedicated planning for the management of waste collected in these systems’ containment structures. So statement 2 is correct.
• Accordingly, FSSM planning prioritizes human excreta management, a waste stream with a high potential for spreading diseases.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

• The Aero India 2021 gathering, the premier aerospace and defense exhibition in the world kicked off at Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bengaluru.
• Several Indian Air Force (IAF), Army, Navy, Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL), and Coast Guard aircraft participated in the 13th edition of the international event touted as the world's first-ever hybrid aero and defense exhibition.
• The three-day event concentrated on the capabilities of India's indigenous defense sector amid the buzz around the campaigns of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India.
• With 601 exhibitors, including 523 from India and 78 from 14 foreign countries, this 13th edition will see a mix of both physical and virtual exhibits.
• The Aatmanirbhar Formation Flight was to be demonstrated by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

Hence, the correct option is (A).