The Earth- 2 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, Class 3 Science

The phenomenon of the increase in the lighted face of the Moon is called waxing.
Here is a detailed explanation:

1. Introduction:

- The question mentions that on 9th August, Pradeep could not find the Moon in the sky.
- It also states that ten days later, he could watch a gibbous moon.
- We need to identify the phenomenon that describes the increase in the lighted face of the Moon.

2. Explanation:

- The Moon goes through different phases as it orbits the Earth.
- One of these phases is the waxing phase, which occurs when the lighted face of the Moon appears to grow larger.
- During the waxing phase, the Moon transitions from a new moon to a full moon.
- The amount of visible light on the Moon's surface increases during this phase.
- This is because the angle between the Sun, Earth, and Moon allows more of the Sun's light to illuminate the Moon's surface.

3. Options:

- Option A: Eclipse is the phenomenon where the Moon is obscured by the Earth's shadow or when the Earth is obscured by the Moon's shadow. This is not the correct answer.
- Option B: Rising refers to the Moon or Sun appearing above the horizon. This is not the correct answer.
- Option C: Waxing is the correct answer, as explained above. The Moon's lighted face increases during this phase.
- Option D: Waning is the opposite of waxing, where the lighted face of the Moon appears to shrink. This is not the correct answer.

4. Conclusion:

- The correct answer is option C: waxing.
- The phenomenon of the increase in the lighted face of the Moon is called waxing.

To arrange the following in increasing order of size (from smallest to largest), we need to compare the sizes of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun.
Comparison of Sizes:
Here are the comparisons of the sizes of these celestial bodies:
1. The Moon:
- The Moon has a diameter of approximately 3,474 kilometers.
- It is the smallest of the three celestial bodies.
2. The Earth:
- The Earth has a diameter of approximately 12,742 kilometers.
- It is larger than the Moon but smaller than the Sun.
3. The Sun:
- The Sun has a diameter of approximately 1,391,000 kilometers.
- It is the largest of the three celestial bodies.
Arranging in Increasing Order of Size:
Based on the comparisons, we can arrange the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun in increasing order of size as follows:
D: The Moon - the Earth - the Sun
This arrangement places the Moon as the smallest, followed by the Earth, and finally the Sun as the largest.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D: The Moon - the Earth - the Sun.

Answer:
Star:
- A star is a celestial object that generates its own light and energy through nuclear fusion in its core.
- Stars are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
- They exist in different sizes, colors, and temperatures.
- Stars can be categorized into different types such as main sequence stars, giant stars, dwarf stars, and supergiant stars.
- The Sun is considered a star.
- It is located at the center of our solar system.
- The Sun is classified as a main sequence star of spectral type G2V.
- It is approximately 4.6 billion years old and will continue to shine for several billion more years.
- The Sun's energy sustains life on Earth through the process of photosynthesis and provides heat and light.
Moon:
- The Moon is Earth's natural satellite.
- It does not generate its own light but reflects the sunlight.
- The Moon orbits around the Earth and takes about 27.3 days to complete one revolution.
- It has phases, such as full moon, new moon, crescent moon, and gibbous moon, depending on its position relative to the Earth and the Sun.
- The Moon has a rocky surface and lacks an atmosphere.
- It influences tides on Earth due to its gravitational pull.
Earth:
- Earth is the third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
- It is a terrestrial planet with a solid surface and an atmosphere.
- Earth is the only known planet to support life.
- It has a diverse range of ecosystems and is home to millions of species.
- Earth has a magnetic field that protects it from harmful solar radiation.
- It takes approximately 365.25 days to complete one revolution around the Sun.
Comet:
- A comet is a small celestial object composed of ice, dust, and rock.
- Comets have a highly elliptical orbit around the Sun.
- When a comet approaches the Sun, the heat causes the ice to vaporize, forming a glowing coma and often a tail.
- Comets are often visible from Earth during their close approach to the Sun.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, the Sun is the star.
- The Moon is a satellite, Earth is a planet, and a comet is a different type of celestial object.

The Full Moon Day
The full moon day is an important astronomical event that occurs once every month. It is a phase of the moon when the entire illuminated side is visible from Earth. In various cultures and traditions, the full moon day is given different names and holds different significance. In this case, the question is asking for the specific name for the full moon day.
Answer: B. Purnima
Here's a detailed explanation:
1. The full moon day:
- The full moon day is a lunar phase when the moon appears as a complete circle in the sky.
- It occurs when the moon is directly opposite the sun, with the Earth in between.
2. Different names:
- In Hinduism, the full moon day is called "Purnima."
- Purnima is considered auspicious and holds significance in various religious and cultural celebrations.
- It is associated with fasting, worship, and offering prayers to deities.
- Purnima is also associated with festivals like Raksha Bandhan, Guru Purnima, and Karva Chauth.
3. Other options:
- Amavasya: Amavasya refers to the new moon day, when the moon is not visible.
- Crescent moon: Crescent moon refers to the phase when only a small curved portion of the moon is visible.
- New moon day: New moon day refers to the phase when the moon is not visible.
Conclusion:
The full moon day is also known as "Purnima" in Hinduism and is associated with various religious and cultural celebrations. It is an important event in the lunar calendar and holds significance in different traditions around the world.

New noon day is also called Amavasya
Amavasya is the term used to refer to the new moon day in the Hindu calendar. It is the darkest day of the lunar month when the moon is not visible in the sky. Amavasya holds significant cultural and religious importance in various traditions.
Here are some key points about Amavasya:
1. Meaning of Amavasya:
- The word "Amavasya" is derived from Sanskrit, where "amā" means "together" and "vasya" means "to dwell."
- It signifies the day when the sun and moon reside together in the same zodiac sign.
2. Importance in Hinduism:
- Amavasya is considered a highly auspicious day for performing rituals and religious ceremonies.
- It is believed to be a time when the ancestors are highly receptive to offerings and prayers.
- Many Hindus observe fasts and engage in charitable activities on this day to seek blessings and honor their ancestors.
3. Rituals and Practices:
- People often visit holy rivers, such as the Ganges, to take a dip and offer prayers during Amavasya.
- Tarpan (offering) is performed to pay homage to ancestors and seek their blessings.
- Temples and sacred places witness increased footfall on this day as devotees gather to perform special rituals.
4. Significance in Astrology:
- Amavasya is considered to have a profound impact on human emotions and behavior due to the absence of moonlight.
- It is believed to be a time when negative energies are more prominent, and spiritual practices can help counterbalance them.
5. Regional Variations:
- Different regions of India have various customs and traditions associated with Amavasya.
- In some places, it is observed as a day of fasting and prayer, while in others, it may be a time for celebration and feasting.
It's important to note that while Amavasya is commonly referred to as the "new noon day," it does not necessarily occur exactly at noon. The timing of Amavasya varies based on the lunar calendar and can occur at different times during the day or night.
Overall, Amavasya holds great significance in Hindu culture and is a time for introspection, remembrance of ancestors, and seeking spiritual growth.

The shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during an eclipse is:

Round shaped

Explanation:
During a lunar eclipse, when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon. This shadow is known as the "umbra." The shape of the Earth's shadow on the Moon is round, similar to the shape of the Earth itself. Here's a detailed explanation:
- The Earth is a spherical object, and when it blocks the light from the Sun, the shadow it casts is also spherical in shape.
- The reason for the round shape is because the Sun's light spreads out in all directions, and when the Earth blocks some of this light, it creates a circular shadow.
- When the Moon enters the Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse, we can observe the round shape of the shadow on the Moon's surface.
- This round shadow gradually covers the entire surface of the Moon during the eclipse, giving it a reddish or orange color.
In conclusion, the shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse is round in shape.

Observing a ship sailing away from the shore:
When we observe a ship sailing away from the shore, we can notice that certain parts of the ship disappear from our sight in a specific order. This phenomenon can be explained by the shape of the Earth.
Explanation:
1. Tower part of the ship disappears first: When a ship starts sailing away from the shore, the tower part of the ship, usually located at the highest point, disappears from our sight first. This happens because of the curvature of the Earth.
2. Curvature of the Earth: The Earth is round-shaped, and it curves away from the observer's line of sight. As the ship moves further away, the curvature of the Earth prevents us from seeing objects that are located lower on the ship.
3. Gradual disappearance of ship parts: As the ship continues to sail away, the lower parts of the ship, such as the hull and lower decks, gradually disappear from our sight due to the Earth's curvature.
4. Flag at the top pole disappears last: Finally, the flag at the top pole of the ship disappears from our sight last. This is because it is the highest point on the ship and is visible for a longer time compared to the lower parts.
In conclusion:
The fact that the tower part of the ship disappears first, followed by the gradual disappearance of lower parts and the flag at the top pole, indicates that the Earth is round-shaped. This observation aligns with the understanding that the Earth is a spherical object, and its curvature affects our line of sight when objects move away from us. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A: round shaped.