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Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Humanities/Arts MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test - Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions

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Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 1

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.

Reason: The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 1

Assertion (A): The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.
This statement is true, as after WWII, the Soviet Union became one of the two superpowers and had a highly developed economy, especially in certain sectors like industrial production and military technology.

Reason (R): The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War.
This statement is also true, as the Soviet Union emerged as one of the two superpowers after WWII, rivaling the United States in political and military influence.

The Soviet Union’s post-WWII economic strength was a key factor in its rise to global superpower status. Thus, the assertion about the Soviet economy being developed is closely related to its political and military power.

Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 2

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Gorbachev did nothing to save the disintegration of soviet system.

Reason: These developments were accompanied by a rapidly escalating crisis within the USSR that hastened its disintegration.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 2

Assertion (A): Gorbachev did nothing to save the disintegration of the Soviet system.
This statement is false. Gorbachev implemented several reforms like glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) to try and stabilize the Soviet system. However, these reforms faced resistance and contributed to the system's disintegration.

Reason (R): These developments were accompanied by a rapidly escalating crisis within the USSR that hastened its disintegration.
This statement is true, as internal economic stagnation, political unrest, and nationalist movements led to the collapse of the Soviet Union, even as Gorbachev attempted reforms.

The disintegration of the Soviet system was indeed hastened by escalating internal crises, but Gorbachev did attempt reforms, making Assertion (A) incorrect.

Thus, the correct answer is:
(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 3

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.

Reason: A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 3

Assertion (A): The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.
This statement is true. After Yeltsin’s election, the Russian Republic began to assert more control over its affairs and move away from the central Soviet power.
Reason (R): A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners.
This statement is true. The 1991 Soviet coup attempt was made by hardliners within the Communist Party to regain control, but it failed, and it further weakened Soviet authority.
While the coup was a significant event, it wasn’t directly the cause of the Russian Republic’s move toward decentralization, which was more due to Yeltsin’s rise and reforms.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 4

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS.

Reason: The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 4

Assertion (A): The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS.
This statement is true, as the Soviet Union's disintegration led to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which included most of the republics of the former USSR, resolving issues of succession and membership.
Reason (R): The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.
This statement is true. The sudden declaration of the USSR’s disintegration and the creation of the CIS was unexpected by many, particularly in Central Asia, where some republics hoped to retain more ties with Russia.
The formation of the CIS was an outcome of the Soviet collapse but was not directly linked to the exclusion issue being resolved by quickly making republics members.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 5

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: The Shock Therapy brought success which was not anticipated at all.

Reason: Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 5

Assertion (A): The Shock Therapy brought success which was not anticipated at all.
This statement is false. Shock Therapy, aimed at transitioning from socialism to capitalism, resulted in significant economic hardship, including hyperinflation and poverty, rather than success.
Reason (R): Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.
This statement is true. Shock Therapy involved drastic reforms, including privatization and the introduction of free-market policies, leading to a total shift from the socialist economic system.
Shock Therapy did not bring success as anticipated, and while the shift to capitalism is accurate, it did not explain the negative consequences that followed.
Thus, the correct answer is:
(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 6

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Each state from this bloc was now linked directly to the West and not to each other in the region.

Reason: The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 6

Assertion (A): Each state from this bloc was now linked directly to the West and not to each other in the region.
This statement is true. After the Soviet collapse, many former Soviet republics, especially in Eastern Europe, sought closer ties with the West, severing former economic and political alliances.
Reason (R): The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.
This statement is true. As countries shifted from socialism to capitalism, the former trade alliances within the Soviet bloc, like the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), disintegrated.
While the breakup of trade alliances was part of the process, it was not the sole reason for these countries’ direct links with the West.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 7

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces, resulting in a Civil War.

Reason: In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 7

Assertion (A): In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces, resulting in a Civil War.
This statement is true. Georgia faced internal conflict when two of its provinces, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, demanded independence, leading to civil war and instability.
Reason (R): In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.
This statement is true. Tajikistan experienced a prolonged civil war from 1992 to 2001, resulting in significant losses and instability.
The civil war in Georgia was a distinct event, and while both conflicts were part of the post-Soviet unrest, the reasons and locations were different.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 8

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet Army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.
Reason: The Soviet System, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 8

Assertion (A): After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet Army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.
This statement is true. The Soviet Union established control over Eastern European countries after WWII, imposing communist governments aligned with Soviet ideology.
Reason (R): The Soviet System, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens.
This statement is true. The Soviet system was highly centralized, authoritarian, and bureaucratic, leading to challenges for the people living under it.
While both statements are true, the bureaucratic nature of the Soviet system is not the reason these countries fell under Soviet control after WWII.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 9

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Cold War had a great cost on the economy of the country.

Reason: In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 9

Assertion (A): Cold War had a great cost on the economy of the country.
This statement is true. The Cold War led to massive military spending, an arms race, and economic strain on both the US and the Soviet Union.
Reason (R): In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time.
This statement is true. While the Soviet Union was able to develop significant military power and match the US in some areas, it did so at great economic cost.
The arms race did contribute to the economic cost of the Cold War, but it was not the sole reason for the overall economic burden.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 10

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Reforms were necessary to keep the USSR abreast of the information and technological revolutions taking place in the West.
Reason: Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform this system.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 10

Assertion (A): Reforms were necessary to keep the USSR abreast of the information and technological revolutions taking place in the West.
This statement is true. The Soviet Union needed to modernize to keep up with the West’s technological and economic advancements.
Reason (R): Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform this system.
This statement is true. Gorbachev implemented reforms like glasnost and perestroika in response to the need for modernization and economic revival.
The reforms initiated by Gorbachev were in line with the necessity to keep pace with technological changes in the West.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 11

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Gorbachev’s decision to normalize relations with the West and democratize and reform the Soviet Union had some other effects that neither he nor anyone else intended or anticipated.

Reason: People supported Gorbachev in his every decision he has taken.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 11

Assertion (A): Gorbachev’s decision to normalize relations with the West and democratize and reform the Soviet Union had some other effects that neither he nor anyone else intended or anticipated.
This statement is true. Gorbachev’s reforms, aimed at democratizing the USSR and improving relations with the West, had unintended consequences, such as fueling nationalist movements and accelerating the Soviet Union’s collapse.
Reason (R): People supported Gorbachev in his every decision he has taken.
This statement is false. Although Gorbachev’s reforms had some support, they also faced resistance from hardliners and many ordinary citizens who were dissatisfied with the changes.
Thus, the correct answer is:
(A) is true, but (R) is false.

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 12

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Shock Therapy was the transitional form from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and IMF.

Reason: The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and east Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock therapy’.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 12

Assertion (A): Shock Therapy was the transitional form from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia, and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and IMF.
This statement is true. Shock Therapy involved drastic market-oriented reforms pushed by international financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank.
Reason (R): The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia, and East Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock therapy’.
This statement is also true. Shock Therapy is the term used for the rapid transition to capitalism, which was influenced by the World Bank and IMF.
The reasoning correctly explains the assertion about Shock Therapy being a model for transition.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 13

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Development was now envisaged through more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential.
Reason: Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of these economies.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 13

Assertion (A): Development was now envisaged through more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential.
This statement is true. As part of the Shock Therapy, the Soviet republics transitioned to free-market policies, including the removal of trade barriers and a shift to global markets.
Reason (R): Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of these economies.
This statement is true. Shock Therapy led to a shift in economic orientation, where countries moved from centrally planned economies to market-based economies with more trade openness.
The drastic change in economic orientation was part of the transition to free trade.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 14

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies.

Reason: In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 14

Assertion (A): Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies.
This statement is true. Following the Soviet Union’s collapse, many republics experienced political unrest, secessionist movements, and civil wars.
Reason (R): In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements.
This statement is true. Russia faced violent separatist movements, especially in Chechnya and Dagestan, where there were attempts to gain independence.
Although both assertions are true, the civil conflicts in Russia are just one aspect of the larger issue across many republics.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 15

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Q. Assertion: The hydrocarbon resources have brought an enormous prosperity to these countries. K

Reason: The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources.

Detailed Solution for Test: The End of Bipolarity - Assertion and Reason Type Questions - Question 15

Assertion (A): The hydrocarbon resources have brought enormous prosperity to these countries.
This statement is true. Many Central Asian countries, particularly Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, have gained significant economic benefits from their vast hydrocarbon resources.
Reason (R): The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources.
This statement is also true, as these countries are rich in oil and natural gas, which have driven much of their economic growth.
Despite the wealth from hydrocarbon resources, not all countries in the region have achieved equal prosperity due to factors like governance and infrastructure.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

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