Animal Tissues - NEET Biology Class 11 Free MCQ Test with solutions

Involuntary smooth muscle are those muscles that are not under the control of our will. The muscle fibre the muscle fibers are without any striations (stripes). Iris has involuntary smooth muscle, Biceps of upper arm and abdominal wall have striated muscle fibres. Heart wall has involuntary striated muscle

Both statements are correct. Cardiac muscle tissue is striated and has intercalated discs between its fibres (cells). Intercalated discs enable the rapid and coordinated transmission of contraction signals across the heart muscle, which provides quick, powerful, and rhythmic contractions essential for heart function. Therefore, statement 2 correctly explains why the structure described in statement 1 is important for the heart's activity.

Cartilage is a soft skeletal tissue formed by cells called chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are mature, large and rounded cells with few surface projections.

Cartilage is a type of skeletal tissue, not areolar tissue. Here are some key points:

• Cartilage provides support and flexibility in various parts of the body, such as joints and the nose.
• It is distinct from areolar tissue, which is a loose connective tissue that supports and binds other tissues.
• Understanding the differences between these tissues is crucial in biology.

The structural proteins collagen and elastin and present in white collagen fibres and yellow elastic fibres respectively, which are connective tissue fibres. Neurogicalcells are specialized cells found in the brain and spinal cord supporting the neurons and their fibres. The muscles of biceps are voluntary and striated.

Yellow elastic connective tissue fibres are present in the wall of blood vessels, lungs, bronchioles, cartilage larynx and trachea, etc. These fibres have considerable strength and remarkable elasticity, 'Mummies' of Egypt still have their arteries intact due to the presence of these fibres.

The cardiac muscle fibres are uninucleate and their nuclei are centrally placed. Striated muscle fibres are multinucleated and their nuclei lie at irregular intervals.

Keratinized epithelium is impermeable to water. Adipose tissue forms a shock absorbing cushion around the eye balls and kidneys. So, option ii and 1v are wrong. In simple cuboidal epithelium where the length of the cell is equal to the breadth, the nucleus is conspicuous and centrally placed. Yellow elastin fibre provides flexibility, which is a component of the cartilage matrix along with collagen and other components.

So, the correct answer is '(i) and (iii)'

In columnar epithelium, the nuclei are positioned at the base of the cells.

• This means that the nuclei are not located at the top or free surface.
• Columnar epithelium is typically characterised by tall and slender cells.
• It may have microvilli on the free surface, enhancing absorption.
• While it is found in the stomach and intestines, the presence of apical nuclei is incorrect.

Correct option is A

The internal and external lining of organs is formed by different types of epithelial tissue, based on the function of the organ. Example, alveoli- exchange of gases- squamous epithelium, skin-protection - keratinised epithelium and so on... . The function of different types of connective tissue is transport substances between various tissues and organs in the body (blood), bind tissue together (loose and dense) and to provide support (bone and cartilage), that i's they do not form linings of body organs.

All the other statements about connective tissue are true.

So, the correct answer is '(iv) only'

Hyaline literally means glassy. Hyaline cartilage is known as a  transparent tissue. It consists of a clear and slightly elastic matrix with less fibres. It forms articular surfaces at the joints of long bones, rings of trachea, stemal parts of ribs, hybrid apparatus, nasal septum etc.

When a neuron is suitably stimulated, an electrical disturbance is generated which swiftly travels along its plasma membrane.

Bone and cartilage are rigid connective tissues due to their solid matrices, while blood is a connective tissue with a fluid plasma matrix. Both statements are correct, but the fluid nature of blood doesn’t explain the rigidity of bone and cartilage. Thus, option b—both statements are true, but Statement 2 isn’t an explanation for Statement 1—is correct.

(i) Neuron is a part of neural tissue while the remaining three belong to connective tissue. 
(ii) Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland while the remaining three are exocrine glands 
(iii) Adrenal gland is an endocrine gland while the remaining three are exocrine glands.

(i) Pseudostratified epithelium lines the (1) 'respiratory' tract while the transitional epithelium lines the (2) 'urinary' tract.
(ii) Lacunae of bones house (3) 'osteocytes' while lacunae of cartilage contain (4) 'chondrocytes'.
(iii) Tendons contain bundles of (5) 'white' fibres and rows of (6) 'fibroblast' cells.

(i) Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium covers moist surfaces like buccal cavity
True – Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium is found in moist areas subject to friction but not desiccation, such as the buccal cavity, esophagus, and vagina.

(ii) Fibroblasts store fat in adipose tissue
False – Fibroblasts are responsible for producing extracellular matrix and collagen. Fat is stored by adipocytes, not fibroblasts.

(iii) Urinary bladder is lined by a stratified epithelium
True – The urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium, which is a type of stratified epithelium specialized to stretch and contract.

Transitional epithelium persists distension. Urinary Bladder can be stretched considerably due to the presence of transitional epithelium. When stretched it appears to a thinner and the cells become flattened or rounded.

A cartilage cell is present in a fluid filled space, the cartilage lacuna. Matrix consists essentially of water. proteoglycans (proteins and carbohydrates), some lipids. collagen, non collagenous protein and collagen fibres. Mature cells are larger in size, more rounded, but still have a few surface projections and are known as chondrocytes. The free surfaces of hyaline cartilage are covered by a fibrous membrane called the perichondrium but it is not present in fibrous cartilage.

Compound epithelium covers the dry surface of the skin, the moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts. The wall of internal organs such as the blood vessels, stomach and intestine contain smooth muscle.

Ciliated columnar epithelium lines the Fallopian tubes.

Areolar tissue is the most widely distributed connective tissue in the animal body. It takes the form of fine threads crossing each other in every direction leaving small spaces called areolae. It is present under the skin as subcutaneous tissue in between and around muscles, nerves and blood vessels in submucosa of gastro-intestinal tract and respiratory tract, in the bone marron, between the lobes and lobules of compound glands and in mesenteries and omenta. In fact it forms packing nearly in all organs. To bind parts together is the primary function of areolar tissue.

The variously shaped cells present in the epithelial tissue are held together by intercellular junctions like tight, adhering and gap junctions.

The given figure is of areolar tissue.

The outer surface of columnar epithelial cells lining the intestine of man is brush-bordered. It is made up of microvilli that greatly increase the surface area for absorption.

Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue. In each body segment of earthworm, except the first, last and clitellum, there are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of each segment. Setae help in locomotion. 

Haversian canal is a small canal that ramify throughout compact bone. It forms a central tube around which are alternate layers of bone matrix and lacunae containing bone cells. The lacunae are linked by minute channels called canaliculi.

Once being differentiated, nerve cells do not divide as dissolved in blood plasma giving red col they lack mitotic activity. Lack of mitotic activity indicates Blood is confined to heart and vessels in die that they do not have centrosome system

Striated muscles show striations. Smooth muscles do not have striations and are spindle shaped. Cardiac muscle shows striations and have intercalated discs.

A - Columnar epithelium; Location - Stomach and intestine; Function - Secretion and absorption
B - Glandular epithelium; Location - Intestine; Function - Secretion
C - Dense regular connective tissue; Location - Cartilage; Function - Attach bone to bone.
D - Cardiac muscle tissue; Location - Heart; Function - Heart contraction.

Compound epithelium, also known as stratified epithelium, plays a major role in protection. It is made up of multiple layers of cells, with the bottom layer attached to a basement membrane and the top layer exposed to the external environment. The main function of compound epithelium is to protect underlying tissues from physical, chemical, and biological damage.