Evolution (NCERT) - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, NEET Biology

Devonian period occurred about 400 million years ago in Palaeozoic era. This period was marked by abundance of fishes and hence called as age of fishes.

Palaezoic era is the era of ancient life and correct arrangement of periods in this era is: 

The tadpole larva of frog bears gills, which proves that frogs have evolved from gilled ancestors.

The fossils can be defined as remains of impressions of the hard parts of the past life-forms in the strata of the earth. Fossils provide one of the most acceptable evidences in support of evolution, because we can study the evolutionary past of individuals in the form of their fossils. The study of fossils is known as paleontology. The evidence of evolution based on the knowledge of fossils is called paleontological evidence. Living organisms living in various ages and entombed in various starta of rocks provide concrete clues to the variety of life that existed in the past.
Age of the fossils can be determined by three methods: (i) Radioactive clock method (II) Radioactive carbon method and (iii) Potassium Organ method.

The Jurassic Period was the second section of the Mesozoic Era. It happened from 199.6 to 145.5 million years back, after the Triassic Period and going before the Cretaceous Period.

Carboniferous period of palaeozoic era is known as the age of amphibians. It existed about 350 billions years ago in which reptiles and winged insects originated and amphibians were dominant.

Correct option: C

(ii) is incorrect. The concept and term coacervate were proposed by A.I. Oparin as aggregates of organic molecules; Sidney W. Fox is known for work on proteinoid microspheres, not for coacervates.

(iii) is incorrect. The first cellular life (prokaryotes) appeared about 3,500 million years ago (≈3.5 billion years), so stating 2,000 mya is too recent.

(i) is correct: J.B.S. Haldane described the primitive ocean as a "hot, dilute soup of organic compounds", which could give rise to organic molecules.

(iv) is correct: Georges Cuvier, along with colleagues, used fossil assemblages and stratigraphic correlation that contributed to the development of the geological time scale.

Correct option: B

(ii) is incorrect. The Ordovician period (about 485-443 million years ago) was dominated by marine life, especially invertebrates; vertebrates were present only as very primitive forms. The Devonian is commonly called the age of fishes, not the Ordovician.

(iii) is incorrect. The Carboniferous period (about 359-299 million years ago) saw extensive forests and a major diversification of amphibians; reptiles first appeared late in the Carboniferous but the designation age of reptiles applies to the Mesozoic era (Triassic-Jurassic-Cretaceous).

(i) is correct. The Palaeozoic era is commonly described as the era of ancient life because many major animal groups first diversified then.

(iv) is correct. The Proterozoic represents a long span before abundant complex multicellular life and includes the rise of early eukaryotes and simple multicellular organisms; it is therefore referred to as a time of early life.

Therefore, option B is the correct choice.