Test: Tissue Culture (Old NCERT) - Grade 12 MCQ

In suspension culture, single cell or small group of cells are suspended in a liquid medium. To avoid death of tissue culture/cell/tissues are regularly shifted to new culture flask having fresh nutrient media. Sterilization process of destroying microorganisms to produce contamination free culture.

Totipotency is the capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant. Any part of a plant is taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media to regenerate a whole plant by virtue of to tipotency.

Although the plant is infected with a virus, the meristem (apical and axillary) is free of virus. Hence, one can remove the meristem (shoot tip) and grow it in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.

Meristem is a localized group of cells, which are actively dividing and undifferentiated but ultimately give rise to permanent tissue. Cultivation of axillary of apical shoot meristems is called meristem culture. Meristem culture is carried out in potato, banana, cardamom, orchids (protocorm stage), sugarcane, strawberry, sweet totato, etc.

Somaclones are genetically identical plants developed from any part of a plant by tissue culture micropropagation.

In somatic hybridisation, we isolate naked protoplasts by digesting their cell walls using digesting enzymes. Then isolated protoplasts fused together to form a hybrid protoplast which further grew to form a new plant.

Micropropagation is the tissue culture technique used for rapid vegetative multiplication of ornamental plants and fruit trees by using small sized explants. Because of minute size of the propagules in the culture, the propagation technique is named as micropropagation.

The plant cells without cell wall are called protoplasts.

Pomato is somatic hybrid between potato and tomato that belong to two different genera.

Somatic hybrids in plants were first obtained between two species of tobacco (Nicotiana glauca and N. langsdorfit) by Carlson et al. in 1972.

In plants tissue culture, cytokinins are responsible for the growth of shoots.

Auxins are responsible for the growth of the root in micropropagation.

Cell wall of the plant cells is removed by digestion with a combination of pectinase and cellullase to obtain protoplast.

Meristem culture is a process of culturing meristems (both apical and axillary) which is free from virus, used to obtain virus-free plants by rapid multiplication. It is also used to preserve germplasm characters. Example: banana, sugarcane and potato.