Satish Chandra Test: The Delhi Sultanate- 1 - UPSC MCQ

The First Muslim incursion on the deccan occurred during the reign of Jalaluddin Khalji. Jalal-ud-din Khalji (r. 1290-1296; died 19 July 1296) was the founder and first Sultan of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1290 to 1320.

Balban adopted a policy of consolidation rather than expansion. He was the 1st sultan who strive to make monarchy hereditary. Balban provided the Sultanate with an iron-willed ruler who aimed at consolidating the hinterlands.

The correct option is D. Muhammad bin Tughlaq pursued a harsh taxation policy at the start as a result of which agricultural production suffered. To increase production and bring more land under cultivation, he appointed an official called Diwan-i-amir-i-Koh and tasked him to bring under cultivation a 100*100 sq km area. The scheme failed due to low fertility of soil, corruption, embezzlement of funds, bad management and lack of attention from the Sultan.

The correct option is A. In 1327, Tughluq ordered to move his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (in present-day Maharashtra) in the Deccan region of India. Muhammad bin Tughlaq himself had spent a number of years as a prince on campaign in the southern states during the reign of his father. Daulatabad was also situated at a central place so the administration of both the north and the south could be possible.

Ghiasuddin Tughlaq issued the ordinance, “There should be left only so much to the Hindus that neither on the one hand should they become intoxicated on account of their wealth, nor on the other should they become so destitute as to leave their lands and cultivation in despair”.

Muhammad Tughluq believed that he was the shadow of God. Some of the inscriptions on his coins read as “Sovereignty is not conferred upon every man, but is placed on the elect.” “He who obeys the Sultan truly obeys God.” “The Sultan is the shadow of God” and “God is the supporter of the Sultan.” He dropped all references to the Khalifa.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq took a number of significant steps during his reign. He set up employment bureau, marriage bureau, built public hospitals. He also set up a department of public works which repaired old monuments and build new ones. Many new cities like Firozpur, Hissar-i-Firoza among others were built during his reign. He also established a charity department called Diwan-i-Khairat. A water clock and a sun clock were also constructed during his reigon.

D is the correct option.Firuz Tughlaq prosecuted the Shias and their religious books were publicly burnt- A repressive policy was initiated towards Shia Muslims during the reign of Firoz Tughlaq. 27 Their religious texts were burnt publicly and their recruitment in government jobs was debarred. A number of Shia leaders were put to death. He prosecuted the Mahdis. He also prosecuted the Karmathians and Islamic Shias.

A is the correct option. Muhammad Tughlaq Only one instance is reported regarding the record of population. When Muhammad Tughlaq decided to give relief to the people of Delhi, he ordered the judicial functionaries to compile census registers of the various quarters of the capital city.