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The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - UPSC Free MCQ Test with solutions


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) (20 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC Old & New NCERTs for IAS Preparation (Must Read) with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947)". These 20 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 20 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 20

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Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 1
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Which one among the following is closest in meaning to the word Nationalism

Detailed Solution: Question 1

Nationalism is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland. Hence, it is a feeling of pride and love of one's country and willingness to sacrifice anything for it.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 2
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[The Moderate leaders employed various peaceful strategies for their political agenda. Which of the following statements accurately describes their approaches?]

Detailed Solution: Question 2

[The Moderate leaders indeed employed various peaceful strategies for their political agenda, including constitutional methods, faith in British justice, spreading awareness through media, and organizing processions. All the given statements accurately describe their approaches.]

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Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 3
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From the following demands of Moderates, which one is not TRUE?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Explanation:
The demand of the Moderates that is not true is:
- Increase in taxes.
Reasoning:
- The Moderates, who were a group of Indian leaders during the British Raj, believed in the need for gradual and constitutional reforms rather than radical demands for independence.
- They aimed for a more inclusive and representative system of governance in India under British rule.
- Their demands focused on improving the position of Indians within the existing system.
- They wanted British economic policies to be changed to benefit Indians, as they believed that economic development would lead to social and political progress.
- They also advocated for Indians to be appointed in high posts in the administration to ensure better representation and decision-making.
- The Moderates emphasized the need for a reduction in military expenditure, arguing that the funds could be better utilized for social and economic development.
- However, the demand for an increase in taxes is not true for the Moderates. They did not advocate for higher taxes but rather for economic reforms that would benefit Indians.
In conclusion, the demand of the Moderates for an increase in taxes is not true.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 4
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Which of the following statements about the achievements of the Moderates cannot be considered TRUE?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

The Moderates, who were mainly western-educated Indian leaders, focused on political reforms such as demanding greater Indian participation in government, promoting constitutional methods, and spreading awareness about concepts like freedom and democracy. However, they did not actively work towards removing social injustices such as the rigid caste structure. Their main achievements were in the political sphere, not in social reform. Therefore, statement a is factually incorrect as an achievement of the Moderates.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 5
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Identify this great personality who coined the slogan Freedom is my birth right and I shall have it 

Detailed Solution: Question 5

The slogan 'Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it' was coined by Balgangadhar Tilak, a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement. He popularized this statement to inspire and galvanize the masses towards the struggle for freedom from British rule.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 6
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From the following list of the names of the leaders, who did not belong to the trio- Lal-Bal-Pal?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

Lal Bal Pal (Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal) were a triumvirate of assertive nationalists in British-ruled India in the early 20th century, from 1906 to 1918

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 7
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Name the Viceroy who was responsible for partitioning Bengal in 1905? 

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Partition of Bengal, (1905), division of Bengal carried out by the British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon, despite strong Indian nationalist opposition. It began a transformation of the Indian National Congress from a middle-class pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 8
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A list of leaders are given below, identify the leader who is not considered as a Radical but a Moderate.

Detailed Solution: Question 8

Banerjee was also one of the senior-most leaders of the moderate Congress — those who favoured accommodation and dialogue with the British — after the "extremists" – those who advocated revolution and political independence.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 9
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A list of leaders are given below, identify the leader who is not considered as a Moderate but a Radical.

Detailed Solution: Question 9

In the context of early Indian political movements, it is important to differentiate between Moderates and Radicals. Here is a brief explanation:

  • Moderates were leaders who believed in gradual reform and dialogue with the British authorities.
  • Radicals, on the other hand, sought more direct action to achieve independence.

Among the leaders listed:

  • Pherozeshah Mehta - Considered a Moderate.
  • Dadabhai Naoroji - Known for his moderate approach.
  • Aurobindo Ghosh - Recognised as a Radical.
  • Surendranath Banerjee - Associated with the Moderates.

Therefore, Aurobindo Ghosh is identified as a Radical leader.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 10
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Name the Marathi newspaper edited by Balgangadhar Tilak criticizing the British rule.

Detailed Solution: Question 10

Newspaper Edited by Balgangadhar Tilak Criticizing British Rule in Marathi:
- Answer: Kesari
Explanation:
- Balgangadhar Tilak was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and a fierce critic of British rule in India.
- He edited a Marathi newspaper called Kesari, which played a significant role in spreading nationalist sentiments and advocating for the freedom struggle.
- Kesari was founded by Lokmanya Tilak in 1881 and was published from Pune, Maharashtra.
- The newspaper became a platform for Tilak to voice his opinions against British policies and to mobilize public support for the independence movement.
- Kesari played a crucial role in awakening the masses and creating a sense of unity and national identity among the people of Maharashtra.
- It actively criticized the oppressive British rule, advocated for the rights of the common people, and highlighted the need for self-governance.
- The newspaper faced multiple bans and restrictions from the British authorities due to its revolutionary content, but it continued to inspire and galvanize the freedom fighters.
- Kesari remains an important part of India's freedom struggle and continues to be remembered as a symbol of resistance against colonial rule.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 11
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In 16 October 1905, how was Bengal partitioned as:

Detailed Solution: Question 11

Partition of Bengal in 1905:
The partition of Bengal in 1905 was a significant event in the history of India. It was a political decision made by the British colonial government, which had far-reaching consequences for the people of Bengal.
Reasons for Partition:
The British government cited several reasons for the partition of Bengal, including administrative convenience and improved governance. However, it was widely believed that the main motive behind the partition was to weaken the growing nationalist movement in Bengal.
Details of Partition:
The partition of Bengal in 1905 resulted in the creation of two separate entities:
1. East Bengal:
- East Bengal included the eastern districts of Bengal, which had a Muslim-majority population.
- The capital of East Bengal was Dhaka.
- This region later became part of Pakistan after the partition of India in 1947 and is now known as Bangladesh.
2. West Bengal:
- West Bengal included the western districts of Bengal, which had a Hindu-majority population.
- The capital of West Bengal was Calcutta (now Kolkata).
- This region remained part of India after the partition and continues to be a state in the present-day Indian Republic.
Impact of Partition:
The partition of Bengal had several consequences, including:
- It led to widespread protests and agitations, as the people of Bengal saw it as a deliberate attempt to divide and weaken their unity.
- The partition further fueled the nationalist movement in Bengal, with prominent leaders like Rabindranath Tagore and Surendranath Banerjee actively opposing the decision.
- It also led to communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims, as the partition was seen as a divide-and-rule policy by the British.
- The partition was eventually annulled in 1911, as the British government succumbed to the mounting pressure from the Indian nationalist movement.
Overall, the partition of Bengal in 1905 played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of India and furthering the cause of Indian independence.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 12
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Name the movement launched following the Partition of Bengal.

Detailed Solution: Question 12

Swadeshi Movement
The movement launched following the Partition of Bengal was the Swadeshi Movement. It was a significant phase in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. The movement aimed to promote the use of indigenous goods and boycott British products as a means of economic resistance against British dominance. Here are some key details about the Swadeshi Movement:
1. Background:
- The Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British colonial government sparked widespread protests and outrage among the Indian population.
- The partition was seen as a divide-and-rule policy aimed at weakening the growing nationalist movement in Bengal.
- To counter this, the Swadeshi Movement was initiated to promote self-reliance and assert Indian identity.
2. Key Features:
- Boycott of British goods: Indians were urged to boycott British products and instead support indigenous industries.
- Promotion of Indian products: The movement emphasized the use of Indian-made goods and encouraged the establishment of Swadeshi industries.
- Nationalistic fervor: The movement instilled a sense of pride in Indian culture, heritage, and self-sufficiency.
- Public protests and demonstrations: Mass rallies, processions, and public meetings were organized to mobilize public support for the movement.
3. Methods of Resistance:
- Boycott of foreign goods: Indians boycotted British textiles, machinery, and other products, leading to a decline in imports.
- Promotion of Indian goods: Swadeshi products like clothes, salt, and other daily essentials were produced and promoted as an alternative to British goods.
- Public demonstrations: People gathered in large numbers to protest against British policies, often leading to clashes with the authorities.
- National education: The movement emphasized the need for quality education rooted in Indian values and culture.
4. Impact:
- Economic empowerment: The movement led to the growth of indigenous industries and self-reliance, reducing dependency on British goods.
- National unity: The Swadeshi Movement brought people from different regions and communities together, fostering a sense of national unity.
- Strengthening of the freedom struggle: The movement served as a precursor to other major movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Quit India Movement.
- Cultural resurgence: The movement revitalized Indian arts, crafts, and traditional practices.
In conclusion, the Swadeshi Movement was launched as a response to the Partition of Bengal and aimed to promote indigenous industries, boycott British goods, and foster a sense of national unity and self-reliance. It played a crucial role in the overall struggle for Indian independence.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 13
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Some important features of the Swadeshi Movement are given below: Pick out the one that is not applicable to the Swadeshi Movement

Detailed Solution: Question 13

Explanation:
The Swadeshi Movement was a socio-political movement in India during the early 20th century that aimed to resist British rule and promote Indian nationalism. It had several important features, but one of the given options is not applicable to the Swadeshi Movement.
A: They boycotted British institutions and goods.
- This was one of the main strategies of the Swadeshi Movement. Indians were encouraged to boycott British goods and institutions as a way to protest against British rule and promote self-reliance.
B: Swadeshi movement stressed on the use of English language with minimal use of Indian languages.
- This statement is not applicable to the Swadeshi Movement. In fact, the movement emphasized the use of Indian languages and promoted the revival of indigenous industries and crafts.
C: They encouraged the ideas of self-help.
- This is another important feature of the Swadeshi Movement. The movement aimed to promote self-sufficiency and self-reliance among Indians, encouraging them to support indigenous industries and products.
D: The Swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule.
- This is the main objective of the Swadeshi Movement. It aimed to resist British rule and promote Indian nationalism, advocating for the independence and self-governance of India.
Therefore, option B is not applicable to the Swadeshi Movement as it contradicts the movement's emphasis on the use of Indian languages.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 14
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He is a nationalist from Punjab and one of the leading members of the Radical group which was critical of the politics of petitions. He was also an active member of the Arya Samaj. Identify this great personality who fought for the freedom of India 

Detailed Solution: Question 14

He was a prominent nationalist from Punjab and a leading figure in the Radical group. This group was known for its critical stance on petition-based politics. Additionally, he played an active role in the Arya Samaj, advocating for social reforms. His contributions were significant in the struggle for India's independence.

  • Nationalist: He was deeply committed to India's freedom.
  • Radical group: He opposed traditional political methods like petitions.
  • Arya Samaj: He was involved in this reformist movement aimed at social and religious change.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 15
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The Moderates opposed to the usage of a specific word / term because they felt that it involved the use of force. Which word/term did they oppose to?

Detailed Solution: Question 15


The Moderates opposed to the usage of a specific word/term because they felt that it involved the use of force. The word/term they opposed to was "Boycott".


Explanation:

  • The Moderates, who were a moderate group within the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement, believed in peaceful and constitutional methods to achieve their goals.

  • They opposed any form of violence or force in their struggle for independence from British rule.

  • The word/term "Boycott" refers to the act of refusing to buy, use, or participate in something as a form of protest or punishment.

  • The Moderates opposed the use of this term because they believed that it involved the use of force, as it required individuals to actively refrain from participating in certain activities or purchasing certain goods.

  • Instead, the Moderates advocated for methods like dialogue, negotiation, and constitutional reforms to bring about change.

  • They believed in peaceful protests, petitions, and discussions with the British government to address their grievances.


Therefore, the Moderates opposed the usage of the word/term "Boycott" because they felt that it involved the use of force, which went against their principles of non-violence and peaceful means of achieving their goals.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 16
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After a major split between the Moderates and Radicals, in which year did they reunite again?

Detailed Solution: Question 16

Reunion of the Moderates and Radicals

The Moderates and Radicals were two factions within the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. They had a major split in their ideologies and approaches towards achieving independence.


Years of the Split



  • The split between the Moderates and Radicals occurred in the year 1907 during the Surat Session of the Indian National Congress.

  • This split was mainly due to differences in opinions regarding the methods of political struggle and the approach towards British authorities.


Reunion of the Moderates and Radicals



  • The Moderates and Radicals reunited after a gap of several years.

  • The reunion took place in the year 1915.

  • The coming together of the factions was mainly driven by the need to present a united front in the face of British repression and to work towards the common goal of independence.

  • This reunion was significant as it united the different ideologies and strategies within the Indian National Congress, leading to a more cohesive and focused approach towards achieving independence.


Therefore, the correct answer is option D: In December 1915.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 17
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Who is this great Indian Muslim philosopher who was also considered as the Father of Muslim Nationalism? 

Detailed Solution: Question 17

Syed Ahmad Khan was a prominent 19th-century Indian Muslim reformer, philosopher, and educationist. He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Muslim Nationalism' due to his pioneering efforts to promote modern education among Muslims through the establishment of the Aligarh Movement and the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (which later became Aligarh Muslim University). His work laid the ideological foundation for the political awakening and identity of Indian Muslims, emphasizing the need for a separate Muslim political and cultural identity in British India. Syed Ahmad Khan's advocacy for Muslim self-awareness and political representation significantly influenced later Muslim nationalist leaders and the eventual emergence of the two-nation theory.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 18
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Identify the city marked B, in the given map of India where the session of Congress in 1906 demanded self-rule or Swaraj.

Detailed Solution: Question 18

The city marked on the map where the Indian National Congress demanded Swaraj in 1906 is Calcutta.

  • The 1906 Congress session was significant for its call for self-rule.
  • Calcutta, now known as Kolkata, was a major centre for political activity in India.
  • This session marked a pivotal moment in India's struggle for independence.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 19
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the political developments in the opening decades of the twentieth century?

Detailed Solution: Question 19

The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 (not 1909) and supported the partition of Bengal, not opposed it. In 1909, the British government introduced separate electorates for Muslims, allowing them to elect their own representatives. This system encouraged religious-based politics. Meanwhile, the Congress split during this period, contradicting option D. Therefore, option C is correct.

Test: The Making of National Movement (1870-1947) - Question 20
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Where was the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association formed?

Detailed Solution: Question 20

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was formed in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi

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