Nazism & The Rise of Hitler- 2 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions,

Germany emerged from World War I with huge debts incurred to finance a costly war for almost five years. The treasury was empty, the currency was losing value, and Germany needed to pay its war debts and the huge reparations bill imposed on it by the Treaty of Versailles, which officially ended the war.

The First World War left a deep imprint on European society and polity.
Soldiers came to be placed above civilians.Politicians and publicists laid great success on the need for men to be aggressive, strong and masculine.The media glorified trench life but actually soldiers lived miserable lives in these trenches, trapped with rats feeding on corpses.They faced poisonous gas and enemy shelling, and witnessed their ranks reduce rapidly.Aggressive war propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage in the public sphere, while popular support grew for conservative dictatorships that had recently come into being.

Not all soldiers were eager to fight in World War I; many were compelled to join.

• Some soldiers faced miserable conditions in the trenches.
• They endured poisonous gas attacks and constant shelling.
• Many witnessed the loss of their comrades.
• While aggressive propaganda portrayed war as glorious, the reality was harsh.

Ultimately, not every soldier was ready to die for their country’s honour or personal glory.

The German defeat horrified him. The Treaty of Versailles made him furious. He joined the German Workers Party and renamed it National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This later came to be known as the Nazi Party.

It was harsh and humiliating because Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13% of its territories, 75% of its iron and 26% of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark, and Lithuania.
The Allied powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its powers.
The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the war damages that the Allied countries had to suffer.
 Germany was forced to pay a compensation of 6 billion. 
The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland for much of the 1920s. 
Many Germans held the Weimar Republic responsible for not only the defeat in the war but the disgrace at Versailles.
 

D is the correct option.Hitler was very ambitious. He wanted to achieve his long-term aim of conquering Eastern Europe. For achieving this aim he attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941. This step of Hitler proved to be a historic blunder. By this step, He exposed the German western front to British aerial bombing and the eastern front to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Red Army hounded out the retreating German soldiers until they reached at the heart of Berlin. This incident established Soviet hegemony over the entire Eastern Europe for half a century thereafter.

Hitler's world view, which also formed the basis of Nazi ideology, was characterized by several key beliefs and principles. These included:

• There was no equality between people, only a racial hierarchy: Hitler rejected the idea of equality among individuals and instead promoted the notion of a racial hierarchy, where certain races were considered superior to others.



• The blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans were at the top and Jews at the bottom: Hitler believed that the Aryan race, specifically the Nordic Germans with specific physical characteristics such as blond hair and blue eyes, were the superior race. Jews, on the other hand, were considered the lowest and were seen as the arch enemies of the Aryans.



• The colored people were placed in between: In Hitler's racial hierarchy, people of other races were placed in between the Aryans and Jews. These included individuals of different ethnicities and nationalities, whom Hitler considered to be inferior to the Aryans but superior to Jews.

Therefore, the correct answer is D. All of the above, as all these beliefs were part of Hitler's world view and Nazi ideology.

While it is difficult to determine the exact reason for Helmuth's father's suicide, the fear of revenge by the Allied Powers seems to be the most plausible explanation. The collapse of the Nazi regime, Germany's defeat in the war, and the impending prosecution of war criminals would have created a sense of fear and despair among those associated with the Nazi regime.

At the end of second world war, an International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg was set up to try and prosecute the Nazi war criminals for Crimes against Peace, for War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. Germany's conduct during the war, especially those activities which came to be called Crimes Against Humanity, raised serious moral and ethical questions and invited worldwide condemnation.

The correct answer is "B". Actually,they did not want to repeat the same mistakes that they did after the World War I. The world war II was a way through which the citizens of Nazi Germany sought to take revenge for their humiliation and disgrace caused by the treaty of versailles. In order to avoid such situations,Nuremberg Tribunal decided not to be harsh on them as they had been earlier. Maybe they felt guilty about it.

• England: Germany fought against England during World War I.


• France: Germany fought against France during World War I.


• Russia: Germany fought against Russia during World War I.

Germany fought against England, France, and Russia during World War I (1914-1918).

The Spartacist League was a political party that opposed the Weimer Republic in Germany. They were in favour of a Soviet-style governance. However, they could not achieve the success as they were opposed by the Socialists, Democrats, Catholics and  severely crushed by the Free Corps. 

When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, they made the legend an integral part of their official history of the 1920s, portraying the Weimar Republic as the work of the "November criminals" who stabbed the nation in the back to seize power while betraying it.

The entry of the United States into World War I in 1917 significantly strengthened the Allies and contributed to the eventual defeat of Germany. The U.S. provided fresh troops, financial support, and resources, which boosted Allied morale and tipped the balance of power against the Central Powers.

The Weimar National Assembly (German: Weimarer Nationalversammlung) was the constitutional convention and de facto parliament of Germany from 6 February 1919 to 6 June 1920. The assembly drew up the new constitution which was in force from 1919 to 1933, technically remaining in effect even until the end of Nazi rule in 1945. It convened in Weimar, Thuringia and is the reason for this period in German history becoming known as the Weimar Republic.

With the end of the First World War and the start of the November Revolution, Chancellor Max of Baden announced the abdication of the German Emperor Wilhelm II on 9 November 1918. He also appointed Friedrich Ebert as his own successor as Chancellor. The Council of the People's Deputies, a provisional government consisting of three delegates from the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and three from the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), took over the executive power on the following day and called for a National Congress of Councils on 16 to 21 December to convene in Berlin. This Reichsrätekongress set elections for a national assembly to take place on 19 January 1919.

• The value of 'Mark' (German currency) collapsed: The German currency, Mark, experienced a rapid and extreme devaluation during this crisis. Hyperinflation occurred, leading to a loss of confidence in the currency. The collapse of the Mark resulted in severe economic instability.


• Prices of goods soared high: As a consequence of hyperinflation, the prices of goods in Germany skyrocketed. People needed more and more Marks to purchase basic necessities, causing immense financial hardship for the population. This inflationary spiral further worsened the economic crisis.

A is the correct option.On July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler becomes the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party. Under Hitler, the Nazi Party grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany as a totalitarian state from 1933 to 1945.

Established on 9 November 1918

The correct answer is C as war plans called for an immediate attack on France – through Belgium – hoping for a quick victory before the slow-moving Russians could become a factor.

France entered World War I when Germany declared war on 3 August 1914.

B is the correct option.Wall Street is a street located in the lower Manhattan section of New York City that is the home of the New York Stock Exchange or NYSE. The New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization over 25 trillion U.S. dollars in April 2020.

The Nazi Party was formed in 1919.

The origins of the Nazi Party can be summarised as follows:

• Initially, it was known as the German Workers' Party.
• In 1920, it was renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
• This party became widely known as the Nazi Party.

Hitler played a crucial role in its formation and rise to prominence.

• Background: Prior to the attack, Germany had annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia, violating international agreements and increasing tensions in Europe.


• German Invasion: On September 1, 1939, German forces led by Adolf Hitler launched a full-scale invasion of Poland.


• Blitzkrieg: The German military employed a strategy known as "blitzkrieg," which involved rapid and coordinated attacks using tanks, aircraft, and infantry.


• International Response: Germany's invasion of Poland triggered a response from Britain and France, who had guaranteed Poland's independence. They issued ultimatums to Germany, demanding an immediate withdrawal. When Germany refused, Britain and France declared war on September 3, 1939.


• Outbreak of War: The invasion of Poland marked the beginning of the second World War, as it led to a chain of events and conflicts involving various countries and alliances.

Overall, Germany's attack on Poland on 1st September 1939 was the catalyst for the outbreak of the second World War, setting off a series of events that would shape the course of history.