History: CUET Mock Test - 10 - CUET MCQ

In 1815, he was appointed the first Surveyor General of India. He prepared the first survey map of the site.

The correct answer is Begum Hazrat Mahal.

Key Points

• Some important leaders of revolt 1857 are:-

Additional Information

• 1857 Revolt:-
  • On 10 May 1857, the 1857 revolt began, at Meerut as a sepoy mutiny.
  • "India’s First War of Independence" and "Sepoy Mutiny" are also the names of the revolt of 1857.
  • On 10 May 1857, The revolt began at Meerut as a sepoy mutiny.
  • The revolt was initiated in the Bengal Presidency against the British officers by sepoys.
  • The introduction of the "Enfield rifle" was the immediate factor for the Revolt.
  • Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased which is made from cow and pig fat which is used before loading the gun. Which was against the religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslims.

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

Subhash Chandra Bose:

• In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose met with the Nazi leaders and hoped to stage an armed struggle against the British to gain independence.
  • He hoped to befriend the Axis powers since they were against his ‘enemy’, the British.
• He founded the Indian Legion out of about 4500 Indian soldiers who were in the British army and had been taken prisoners by the Germans from North Africa.
• In 1943, he left Germany for Japan disillusioned with the lukewarm German support for Azad Hind.
• Bose’s arrival in Japan revived the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) which had been formed earlier with Japanese help.
• Azad Hind or the Provisional Government of Free India was established as a government-in-exile with Bose as the head.
  • Its headquarters was in Singapore.
  • The INA was its military.
• Bose motivated the troops with his fiery speeches.
  • His famous quote is, “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!”

​Additional Information

Subhas Chandra Bose was one of the most eminent freedom fighters of India.

• Born in Cuttack, in the province of Bengal to an affluent family.
  • He was educated in Calcutta acquiring a degree in philosophy.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose was Selected for the Indian Civil Services (ICS) but refused to take up service since he did not want to serve the British government.
• Bose joined the Indian National Congress (Formed on December 28, 1885) in 1921.
  • He also started a newspaper called ‘Swaraj’.
• He was the President of the All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress.
  • In 1924, he became the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation. In 1930, he became the Mayor of Calcutta.
• Bose authored the book ‘The Indian Struggle’ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942.
  • The book was banned by the British government.
• He coined the term ‘Jai Hind’.
  • His charisma and powerful personality inspired many people into the freedom struggle and continues to inspire Indians. He was called Netaji.

The correct answer is 1969.

Key Points

• After Indian Independence, the Madras Presidency became the Madras Province on 15 August 1947.
• On 26 January 1950, it was formed as Madras State by the Government of India.
• As a result of the 1956 States Reorganisation Act, the state's boundaries were re-organized following linguistic lines.
• The state was finally renamed Tamil Nadu on 14 January 1969 by C.N.Annadurai, Chief Minister. Hence, Option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

• THE STATES REORGANISATION ACT, 1956
  • After independence, there was a growing demand for the reorganization of the States on a more rational basis in the context of not only from financial, economic, and administrative management of independent India but also due to the growing importance of regional languages.
  • For the first time, the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was constituted in 1953 to go into this problem and to recommend the principles and broad guidelines on which the States can be reorganized. The Commission submitted its report in September 1955.
  • The Commission was appointed by Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru.
  • State reorganization act 1956 was headed by S. Fazal Ali and had two members namely M. Panikkar & H. N. Kunzru
  • To give effect to the scheme of reorganization which emerged from the consideration of the proposals contained in the Report, the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, was enacted by the Parliament under Article 3 of the Constitution of India.
  • The new States formed as a result of the reorganization of States in 1956 are Andhra Pradesh, Bombay, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Mysore, Punjab, and Rajasthan.

Key Points

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was established on December 28, 1885.
• This was a pivotal moment in India's struggle for independence from British rule.
• The INC played a crucial role in the national movement against colonialism, advocating for self-rule and eventually leading to India's independence in 1947.

Additional Information

• The establishment of the Indian National Congress marked the beginning of organized political activity and the nationalist movement in India.
• It was founded by a British civil servant named Allan Octavian Hume, with the aim of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians.
• Over the years, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.

The correct answer is Shortughai.

Key Points

• Shortugai and Mundigak are the only Indus Valley Civilization sites in Afghanistan.
• Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization spread across the whole of Pakistan and the north-western part of India.
• It was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921 with the discovery of Harappa.
• Shortugai is located in the Takhar Province in Afghanistan.
• The Indus Valley Civilization was spread from present-day North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India.
• The civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus.

Additional Information

• Indus valley civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world. It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system.
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, 'Indus Valley Civilization'.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – to 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
• The port cities are Sutkagendor, Balakot, Lothal, Allahdino, and Kuntasi.
• The Indus valley people were well-acquainted with the use of both cotton and wool.

The correct answer is 1 only

Key Points

The idea of the INA was first conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

• An Indian officer of the British Indian Army when he decided not to join the retreating British army and instead went to the Japanese for help.
• Indian prisoners of war were handed over by the Japanese to Mohan Singh who then tried to recruit them into an Indian National Army. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The fall of Singapore was crucial, for this brought 45,000 Indian POWs into Mohan Singh’s sphere of influence.
• Subhash Chandra Bose revived the army when he went to Singapore and set up the provisional government of Free India on 21 October 1943.
  • The provisional government then declared war on Britain and the United States and was recognized by the Axis powers and their satellites.
  • Subhas Bose set up two INA headquarters, in Rangoon and in Singapore, and began to reorganize the INA.
• Recruits were sought from civilians, funds were gathered, and even a women’s regiment called the Rani Jhansi regiment was formed.
• One INA battalion commanded by Shah Nawaz was allowed to accompany the Japanese Army to the Indo-Burma front and participate in the Imphal campaign.
• But the discriminatory treatment which included being denied rations, arms and being made to do menial work for the Japanese units, completely demoralized the INA men.
• The failure of the Imphal campaign and the steady Japanese retreat thereafter quashed any hopes of the INA liberating the nation.

Positive outcomes of Swadeshi Movement:

• The social base of the movement expanded to include certain sections of the zamindari, the students, the women, and the lower middle classes in cities and towns. Hence, option A is correct.
• In this national Movement, diverse ideas became visible. Eg.
  • From conservative moderation to political extremism.
  • From revolutionary activities to incipient socialism.
  • From petitions and prayers to passive resistance and non-cooperation emerged during the Swadeshi Movement.
  • Hence, option B is correct.
• The richness of the movement was not confined to the political sphere, but it also encompassed art, literature, science, and industry. Hence, option C is correct. Eg. Rabindranath Tagore’s Geetanjali novel got the Nobel Prize in literature. Hence, option C is correct.
• People now had learned to take bold political positions and participate in new forms of political work.
• The swadeshi campaign undermined the hegemony of colonial ideas and institutions.
• The future struggles got help from this experience gained.
• However, the Swadeshi Movement failed to create an effective organization or a party structure. It was the limitation of this movement. Because there were a lot of skirmishes on the internal matters of the party. Eg. The Surat split of 1907 was an ill effect of it. Hence, option D is not correct.

The correct answer is 1931.

Key Points

• Second Round Table Conference:
  • It was held in London from 7th September 1931 to 1st December 1931.
  • British delegates belonging to various political parties including the British Prime Minister, James Ramsay Macdonald.
  • Indian princely states are represented by Maharajas, princes and divans.
  • British Indians were represented by Indian National Congress (INC) Mahatma Gandhi, Rangaswami Iyengar, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Muslims by Md. Ali Jinnah, Aga Khan III, Muhammad Iqbal, etc. Hindus by M R Jayakar, etc., Depressed classes by Dr B R Ambedkar, Women by Sarojini Naidu, etc.

Additional Information

• First Round Table Conference:
  • It was held in 1930.
  • Political leaders from British India, delegates from the native princely states, delegates from the three British political parties.
  • The Indian National Congress does not participate in the conference as many of the INC leaders were imprisoned due to their involvement in the civil disobedience movement.
  • The First Round Table Conference lasted till 19th January 1931.
  • Although many principles of reforms were agreed upon, not much was implemented and the Congress Party carried on its civil disobedience.
  • The Conference was regarded as a failure.
• Third Round Table Conference:
  • It was held between 17th November 1932 and 24th December 1932.
  • Only 46 delegates in total took part in this conference.
  • The INC and the Labour Party decided not to attend it.
  • Indian princely states were represented by princes and divans.
  • British Indians were represented by the Aga Khan (Muslims), Depressed classes of women, Europeans, Anglo-Indians and Labour groups.

The Harappan civilization was the first urban civilization in South Asia. The Harappan civilization flourished during 2600 – 1900 BCE. It forms a part of proto-history belonging to the bronze age.

It is classified into three phases

1. The early pre-Harappan in phase (3200 2600 BC)
2. The mature Harappan phase (2600-1900 BC)
3. The late Harappan phase (1900-1300 BC)

Kalibangan:

• Kalibangan is an archaeological site at Ganganagar in Rajasthan near the Ghaggar river.
• Plough field, fire altars, bones of camel, burial in the circular and rectangular grave is found here.
• Remains of Camel were discovered in Kalibangan archaeological site.
• Camel bones found in Kalibangan belonged to 2000 B.C.

Additional Information

• Bones of horse and graveyard is found at Surkotda in Gujarat.
• Surkotada was excavated by Shri Jagat Pati Joshi in 1964 - 1968.
• The presence of Horse Bone was found in Surkotada.

​

Harappan Civilization map

• Qutub-ud-din Aibak (1206-1210):
  • ​Qutub-ud-din Aibak became the first Sultan of Delhi in 1206 AD.
  • He was in charge of the Ghurid territories and later became the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate ruled by the Mamluk Dynasty.
  • His reign was from June 25, 1206, to December 1, 1210.
  • He is known for commissioning the Qutub Minar in Delhi.
  • Mamluk Dynasty (Slave Dynasty) was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Iltutmish (1211-1236):
  • ​He completed the famous Qutab Minar in Delhi.
  • He shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi.
  • The Mongol policy of Iltutmish saved India from the wrath of Ghengis Khan.
  • ​He was the real founder of the Delhi sultanate.
  • He ruled from 1211 to 1236 AD.
  • He introduces the Iqta system and made it hereditary.
  • He also introduces Chalisa (a group of 40 noble people).
  • He introduces two coins:
    • Silver coin - Taka
    • Copper coin - Jital

• Razia Sultan (1236-1240):​
  • She was the first female ruler of India.
  • Her term was full of revolts.
  • On October 13, 1240, she was killed by her kin.
• Masud Shah (1242-1246):
  • Ala ud-Din Masud was the seventh sultan of the dynasty.
  • He was more of a puppet for the chiefs and did not actually have much power or influence in the government.
  • Instead, he became infamous for his fondness for entertainment and wine.
  • Like his predecessor, he was considered incompetent and worthless.
• Ghiyasuddin Balban (1266-1287):
  • ​He was the greatest ruler of the Slave dynasty.
  • Balban started the rigorous court discipline and new customs called Paibos (prostration and kissing the Sultan's feet) to prove his superiority over the nobles.
  • He broke the power of forty, Turkish nobles, who were the real threat to the monarchy.
  • His tomb is located in Mehrauli, Delhi.

The British captured Bahadur Shah Zafar and sent him to Rangoon (Burma), ending the Mughal dynasty.

The British ended the Mughal Empire and took direct control over India, marking a major shift in governance.

The Government of India Act 1858 transferred power from the East India Company to the British Crown, leading to direct rule.

The British reduced the number of Indian soldiers and increased British troops in the army to prevent future uprisings.

After the revolt, India came under direct control of the British Crown, changing the nature of colonial governance.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched to oppose British rule through the boycott of foreign goods, schools, and services, demonstrating India's resolve for self-rule.

Gandhi’s principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truthful resistance) guided the movement, encouraging peaceful protests.

 In 1922, the Chauri Chaura incident turned violent when a police station was burned down, leading Gandhi to suspend the movement to prevent further bloodshed.

The movement mobilized millions of Indians, including peasants, workers, and students, in a non-violent struggle against British rule.

Gandhi believed that non-violence was the key to maintaining unity and moral strength in the independence movement, preventing divisions and unnecessary suffering.

• Indigo Rebellion: This uprising occurred in Bengal (specifically in the Bengal Presidency, which included parts of modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) during 1859–1860. It was a revolt by indigo farmers against exploitative British planters.
• Deccan Riots: These took place in Maharashtra (in the Deccan region, particularly in districts like Pune and Ahmednagar) in 1875, driven by peasant indebtedness to moneylenders.
• Santhal Rebellion: This occurred in Bihar (specifically in the Santhal Parganas, now part of Jharkhand, but historically under Bihar during British rule) in 1855–1856, led by the Santhal tribal community against British oppression and zamindars.
• Pabna Revolt: This uprising happened in Eastern Bengal (now part of Bangladesh, specifically in the Pabna district) in 1873–1876, led by peasants against oppressive landlords.

Bengal Tenancy Act (1885) - Protected tenant rights (B): Aimed to safeguard tenants in Bengal.
Permanent Settlement Act - Restricted land ownership (A): Fixed revenue with zamindars, limiting peasant rights.
Ryotwari Act - Direct taxation (C): Peasants paid taxes directly to the British.
Land Acquisition Act - Land seizure (D): Enabled British to take land for infrastructure.

• Rani Lakshmibai - Led the revolt in Jhansi (C): Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi became an iconic figure in the Revolt of 1857. After the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse (her adopted son was not recognized as heir), she took up arms when the revolt broke out. She led the defense of Jhansi against British forces in 1858 and died fighting, symbolizing resistance against colonial rule.
• Nana Saheb - Led the revolt in Kanpur (B): Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, led the revolt in Kanpur. Denied his pension by the British, he joined the rebellion, declared himself Peshwa, and orchestrated the siege of Kanpur. The infamous Bibighar massacre of British women and children occurred under his watch, though his direct involvement is debated.
• Khan Bahadur Khan - Led the revolt in Bareilly (A): A Rohilla leader, Khan Bahadur Khan proclaimed himself the ruler of Bareilly during the revolt. He organized rebels in the Rohilkhand region, resisted British forces, and briefly established an independent administration before the British recaptured the area.
• Kunwar Singh - Led the revolt in Bihar (D): A Rajput zamindar from Jagdishpur in Bihar, Kunwar Singh, despite his old age (around 80), led the revolt in the region. He successfully fought British forces in Arrah and continued guerrilla warfare until his death in 1858, inspiring widespread resistance in eastern India.

• Meerut - Beginning of the revolt (D): On May 10, 1857, sepoys at Meerut mutinied after refusing to use greased cartridges, broke open jails, and marched to Delhi, marking the start of the widespread revolt.
• Kanpur - Massacre of British civilians (B): Under Nana Saheb’s leadership, the Bibighar massacre occurred in July 1857, where British women and children were killed after a failed surrender negotiation, intensifying British reprisals.
• Jhansi - Siege and defense by Lakshmibai (C): Rani Lakshmibai defended Jhansi against British forces in 1858. After a prolonged siege, she escaped and continued fighting, making Jhansi a symbol of resistance.
• Barrackpore - Execution of Mangal Pandey (A): In March 1857, Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at Barrackpore over the greased cartridges issue. He was executed on April 8, 1857, an event that foreshadowed the larger revolt.

• Doctrine of Lapse - Annexation of states without heirs (B): Introduced by Lord Dalhousie, this policy allowed the British to annex princely states (e.g., Jhansi, Satara) if the ruler died without a natural heir, angering Indian royalty and contributing to the revolt.
• Enfield Rifle - Greased cartridges offended religious beliefs (C): The new Enfield rifle required soldiers to bite cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim sepoys respectively, sparking the initial mutiny.
• Economic Hardship - Discontent due to economic exploitation (A): British policies like high taxation and export-focused agriculture impoverished peasants and artisans, fueling widespread discontent against colonial rule.
• Land Revenue Policies - High taxes led to peasant distress (D): Systems like the Permanent Settlement imposed heavy taxes, often collected ruthlessly by zamindars, driving peasants into debt and rebellion.

(A) Correct: The Bhakti movement emphasized devotion and a personal relationship with the divine, moving away from ritualistic worship.
(B) Incorrect: Bhakti saints composed their works in regional languages, not Sanskrit, to reach common people.
(C) Correct: Mirabai was a devotee of Lord Krishna and expressed her devotion through poetry and songs.
(D) Correct: Bhakti saints rejected caste hierarchies and questioned ritualistic religious practices.
(E) Incorrect: The Bhakti movement spread across both North and South India, with saints like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Mirabai in the North and Alvars and Nayanars in the South.

(A) Correct: Sufism focused on love, inner spirituality, and a direct connection with God, rather than strict religious rules.
(B) Incorrect: Sufi saints often rejected orthodox Islamic laws and rituals, emphasizing personal devotion instead.
(C) Correct: The Chishti order was known for its openness, charity, and service to humanity, welcoming people of all backgrounds.
(D) Correct: Khanqahs were places where Sufi saints gathered followers, engaged in meditation, and helped the poor.
(E) Incorrect: Sufi poets composed in Persian, Arabic, and regional Indian languages, making their teachings accessible to different communities.

(A) Correct: Kabir criticized both Hindu and Muslim religious orthodoxy, rejecting rituals and sectarian divisions.
(B) Correct: He emphasized love, devotion, and personal experience of God, rather than temple worship or religious dogma.
(C) Incorrect: Kabir opposed idol worship, advocating a formless God instead.
(D) Incorrect: He composed his verses in local languages like Hindi, making his teachings accessible to the masses.
(E) Correct: His teachings were compiled in the Bijak and included in the Guru Granth Sahib, showing his influence on both Hindu and Sikh traditions.

(A) Correct: Both the Bhakti and Sufi movements focused on personal devotion, rejecting ritualistic religious practices.
(B) Correct: Saints from both traditions composed poetry and devotional songs in regional languages, making their messages accessible.
(C) Incorrect: Sufi saints did not oppose the Bhakti movement; in fact, many of their teachings were similar.
(D) Correct: Bhakti and Sufi movements attracted followers from different castes and communities, promoting inclusivity.
(E) Incorrect: The Bhakti movement was influenced by interactions with Sufism, particularly in devotional practices and poetry.