Law & Social Justice- 2 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions,

Porto Alegre is the capital city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. On the main square, Praca Marechal Deodoro, is the Renaissance-style Metropolitan Cathedral, with religious murals on the outside. The neoclassical Piratini Palace houses the state government. The 19th-century Sao Pedro Theater is nearby. The city is known as a gateway to the tall canyons of Aparados da Serra National Park

Mumbai's suburban railway is known for its efficient and extensive public transport system. It is one of the busiest railway networks in the world, catering to a massive number of passengers on a daily basis.
Density of Mumbai's Suburban Railway
The suburban railway in Mumbai is known for its high density route, with a large number of people relying on it for their daily commute. The number of passengers it serves daily is:

• Option A: 45 lakh - Incorrect
• Option B: 65 lakh - Correct
• Option C: 75 lakh - Incorrect
• Option D: 20 lakh - Incorrect
  Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which states that the Mumbai suburban railway attends to 65 lakh passengers daily.

Conclusion
Mumbai's suburban railway is a well-functioning public transport system that handles a massive number of passengers daily. With a density that is unmatched by any other route in the world, it plays a crucial role in the transportation infrastructure of the city.

The Census of India, 2001 puts rural household electrification at 44 per cent, leaving around 78 million households still in the dark. Public facilities relate to our basic needs and the Indian Constitution recognises the right to water, heath and education as being a part of the Right to Life. 

According to the NCERT Class 8 Civics chapter Law and Social Justice, the 2011 Census reports that over 4 million children in India between the ages of 5 and 14 are engaged in various occupations, including hazardous work.

Punishment:

- Anyone found violating the ban must be penalized.

- The punishment ranges from a jail term of six months to two years.

- The punishment can also include a fine.

Fine Range:

- The fine for violating the ban is between Rs 20,000 and Rs 50,000.

To find the answer, let's analyze the given information:
- The law mentioned in the question was passed more than a year ago.
- The law is related to child domestic workers.
- The question is asking about the percentage of child domestic workers who are under the age of 16.
Now, let's go through the answer options and determine the correct one:
A: 84 percent
B: 74 percent
C: 54 percent
D: 64 percent
To find the correct answer, we need to look for the option that represents the highest percentage, as the question states that "more than a year after this law was passed." The correct answer is:
Answer: B. 74 percent
This means that 74 percent of child domestic workers are under the age of 16, even after more than a year since the law was passed.

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH₃NCO.

Introduction:
The Bhopal Gas tragedy was a devastating industrial disaster that occurred in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the worst industrial accidents in history. In order to answer the question of when the tragedy took place, we need to provide a detailed explanation.
Explanation:
The Bhopal Gas tragedy took place on 2 December 1984. Here is a detailed explanation to support this answer:
- The Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, India.
- On the night of 2 December 1984, a toxic gas called methyl isocyanate (MIC) was released from one of the storage tanks at the plant.
- This gas leak resulted in the exposure of thousands of people to highly toxic gases, causing immediate deaths and long-term health problems.
- The exact cause of the gas leak remains a subject of debate, with factors such as poor maintenance, safety negligence, and inadequate safety systems being cited as contributing factors.
- The tragedy had a severe impact on the local population, leading to thousands of immediate deaths and causing long-term health issues for survivors and their descendants.
- The Bhopal Gas tragedy highlighted the need for stricter industrial safety regulations and better disaster management practices in India and globally.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred on 2 December 1984. This industrial disaster had a profound impact on the lives of thousands of people and continues to serve as a reminder of the importance of industrial safety and disaster management.

Most of those exposed to the poison gas came from poor, working-class families, of which nearly 50,000 people are today too sick to work. Among those who survived, many developed severe respiratory disorders, eye problems and other disorders. Children developed peculiar abnormalities.

Union Carbide:

Union Carbide is an American company.

Explanation:

• Union Carbide was an American multinational company that was primarily involved in chemicals and polymers production.
• The company was founded in 1917 and had its headquarters in Danbury, Connecticut, United States.
• Union Carbide became well-known for its production of chemicals, industrial gases, and consumer products.
• It was one of the world's largest producers of ethylene glycol, which is used in the production of polyester fibers and resins.
• The company also had a significant presence in the agricultural and electronics sectors.
• However, Union Carbide is perhaps most infamous for the Bhopal disaster, which occurred in 1984 at its pesticide plant in Bhopal, India. The incident resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries.
• Union Carbide was later acquired by The Dow Chemical Company in 2001.

In conclusion:

Union Carbide is an American company that was involved in chemicals, polymers, and various other industries.

Identify what is shown in the figure below:

The image depicts a healthcare scenario involving a child and a doctor. The key points are as follows:

• The doctor is administering a polio drop to the child.
• The focus is on the child's health and vaccination.

Answer:
The statement "right to water entitle everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use" was made by the United Nations (UN).
Explanation:
- The United Nations is an international organization that aims to promote peace, cooperation, and development among its member states.
- The right to water is recognized by the UN as a fundamental human right.
- The UN has adopted various resolutions and declarations emphasizing the importance of access to clean and safe water for all individuals.
- One such declaration is the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 64/292, which explicitly states that the right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use.
- This resolution was adopted on July 28, 2010, and reaffirms the commitment of the UN to the realization of the right to water and sanitation as essential for the full enjoyment of all human rights.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: United Nations.

Mahbubnagar district is in Telangana.
Explanation:
Mahbubnagar district is located in the state of Telangana, India. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Telangana: Telangana is a state in southern India, formed in 2014 after the division of the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the youngest state in India. Telangana is known for its rich cultural heritage, historical sites, and diverse landscapes.
- Mahbubnagar: Mahbubnagar is one of the 33 districts in Telangana. It is located in the southern part of the state. The district is named after Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad. Mahbubnagar has a rich history and is known for its architectural wonders, ancient temples, and natural attractions.
- Geographical location: Mahbubnagar district is situated in the Deccan plateau region of India. It is bounded by the districts of Rangareddy, Nagarkurnool, Wanaparthy, Jogulamba Gadwal, and Vikarabad. The Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers flow through the district, adding to its natural beauty.
- Administrative division: Mahbubnagar district is further divided into several mandals (administrative divisions) and towns. Some prominent towns in the district include Mahbubnagar town, Gadwal, Wanaparthy, and Narayanpet.
- Economy: The economy of Mahbubnagar district is mainly dependent on agriculture. The region is known for its production of paddy, cotton, maize, groundnut, and sugarcane. There are also industries related to textiles, food processing, and mining.
- Tourist attractions: Mahbubnagar district is home to several tourist attractions. Some popular places to visit include the Pillalamarri Banyan Tree, Alampur Jogulamba Temple, Koilsagar Dam, Jurala Dam, and the famous Golconda Fort.
Therefore, Mahbubnagar district is located in the state of Telangana, not in Maharashtra, Karnataka, or Odisha.

In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered that all vehicles running on diesel in Delhi should switch to CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) to reduce pollution and improve air quality. CNG is considered a cleaner fuel compared to diesel.

In 1984, there were very few laws protecting the environment in India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- In 1984, India had limited legislation regarding environmental protection.
- The country was facing numerous environmental challenges, including pollution, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources.
The lack of laws:
- During this period, there were minimal laws specifically dedicated to environmental protection.
- The absence of comprehensive legislation meant that there were few legal frameworks to regulate and address environmental issues.
Consequences:
- Without adequate laws, environmental degradation continued unchecked, leading to severe consequences.
- Pollution levels rose, impacting the health and well-being of the population.
- Deforestation and habitat destruction accelerated, threatening biodiversity.
- Natural resources were exploited without proper regulations, leading to their depletion.
Need for change:
- The lack of environmental protection laws highlighted the necessity for comprehensive legislation to safeguard India's natural resources and promote sustainable development.
- Over time, the government recognized the need for stronger environmental regulations and initiated efforts to address these concerns.
Conclusion:
- In 1984, India lacked sufficient laws protecting the environment.
- However, recognizing the importance of environmental conservation, the country has since taken significant steps to enact legislation and establish institutions for environmental protection.

Identify the textile mill location depicted in the image.

The image illustrates a textile mill, which may be located in one of several cities known for their textile industries. Here are key details about each location:

• Raipur: Not particularly known for textile mills.
• Jamshedpur: Primarily an industrial city; textiles are not its main focus.
• Jaipur: Known for traditional textiles, but not a major textile hub.
• Ahmedabad: Recognised as a significant centre for the textile industry in India.

Based on these points, the textile mill is most likely located in Ahmedabad, as it is a prominent hub for textile manufacturing.

The figure likely represents a specific type of pollution.

Here’s a breakdown of possible pollution types:

• Water pollution affects rivers, lakes, and oceans, often due to waste discharge.
• Noise pollution originates from traffic, construction, and industrial activities.
• Air pollution is caused by emissions from vehicles and factories.
• Soil pollution results from hazardous waste, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.

This type of exhaust of smoke causes air pollution

(a) matches with (II), (b) matches with (III) and (c) matches with (I), therefore D is the correct option