GATE Computer Science Engineering(CSE) 2027 Test: Data Path and Control

The data path is the collection of functional units such as arithmetic logic units or multipliers. The data path is required to perform data processing operations.
Typically, in a microprocessor, the units in at least one of the datapaths would be: instruction registers, decode latch, ALU registers, load-store unit, writeback unit, and the memory.
To perform any operation in the CPU, data follows a specific path within the CPU to execute the instruction. 

Memory capacity =16K × 16 = 2¹⁴ × 2⁴
Memory Capacity is of the form = 2^m × 2ⁿ
Address lines required = m = 14
Data Lines required = 2ⁿ = 16
Option 4 is correct

Hardwired v/s micro-programmed control unit:- To execute an instruction, the control unit of the CPU must generate the required control signal in the proper sequence. There are two approaches used for generating the control signals in proper sequence as Hardwired Control unit and the Micro-programmed control unit.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features:

• CPU is considered the brain of the computer.
• CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
• It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
• It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code is an eight-bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems.
EBCDIC was devised in 1963 and 1964 by IBM. It is an eight-bit character encoding, developed separately from the seven-bit ASCII encoding scheme.

Concept:
Memory chips are integrated circuits that can hold information. Memory chips are now available in a variety of RAM formats, including DRAM, EPROM, EEPROM, and SRAM. Memory chips can also be included in hardware devices such as video cards.

A chip having 150 gates will be classified as LSI (large-scale integration).
Large-scale integration (LSI) is the process of integrating or embedding thousands of transistors on a single silicon semiconductor microchip.

Hence the correct answer is LSI.

The purpose of the Interface unit is to resolve the differences that exist between the central computer and each peripheral. 
The Major Differences are:-

• Peripherals are electromechanical and electromagnetic devices and CPU and memory are electronic devices. Therefore, a conversion of signal values may be needed.
• The data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer rate of the CPU and consequently, a synchronization mechanism may be needed.
• Data codes and formats in the peripherals differ from the word format in the CPU and memory.
• The operating modes of peripherals are different from each other and must be controlled so as not to disturb the operation of other peripherals connected to the CPU.

To Resolve these differences, computer systems include special hardware components between the CPU and Peripherals to supervises and synchronizes all input and out transfers.

SRAM (static RAM) is random access memory (RAM) that retains data bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied.
Inside a dynamic RAM chip, each memory cell holds one bit of information and is made up of two parts: a transistor and a capacitor.
As DRAM has a capacitor, it continuously leaks current. Therefore it requires frequent refresh which consumes power. Hence, DRAM is slower than SRAM.

Accumulator:
It is a register used for storing intermediate results of larger computation. It keeps track of result of any arithmetic or logic operation.

Stack pointer:
It is a register that stores the address of the last program request in a stack. It gives the address of the top of the stack. When a value is pushed into stack the processor gets the value in stack pointer, then processor decrements the address to point to the next available slot in memory and store its address in stack pointer.

Program counter:
It is a register in a computer processor that contains the address of the instruction to be executed next. It is a digital counter needed for faster execution of tasks. It is also known as instruction counter, instruction pointer, instruction address register. 

(9CE₂)₁₆ = (1001 1100 1110 0010)₂
1's complement of (9CE2)₁₆ = (0110 0011 0001 1101)₂ = (631D)₁₆
(631D)₁₆ & (1235)₁₆ = (0215)₁₆
Hence the correct answer is 0215H.