Mock Test - 1 - ACT MCQ

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (4)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (5) Which choice would best help establish that the narrator has good reasons for driving back and forth across the country?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (6)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (7)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (8)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (9)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (10)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (11) For the sake of logic and coherence, Sentence 5 should be placed:

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (12)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (13)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. (14) The writer is considering deleting the preceding sentence. If the sentence was deleted, the essay would primarily lose:

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
On the Road Again
We drive across the country the way most people might go from home to work and (1) back again to home. I guess you could call us nomads, except for the fact that our trips have become (2) fairly regular, mostly to Las Vegas, Nevada, (3) than back to New York, our home for the past 35 years.
My husband and I are retired high school teachers, which means that we have plenty of time (4) to travel. Three of our five children now live west of the Mississippi River. All of our grandchildren live in New York, and we have two large dogs. Therefore, staying in Las Vegas for more than three consecutive weeks is generally (5) enjoyable. And so, we find ourselves back on the road time and time again.
Las Vegas (6) had become our sunshine sanctuary; we have become completely fed up with New York’s cold and gloomy winters and are determined to spend as much time as possible in the (7) warm sunny West. Moreover, we have extended family in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and California, so vacationing in Las Vegas makes a lot of sense for us.
1. (8) So  we have two adopted (9) dogs, both of which are shelter mutts, flying is not an option; we want the dogs with us and we want to avoid paying boarding fees.
2. And so, here we are, for the second time this month, trekking home with our dogs in our extended-cab truck.
3. Hunter, a lab and spaniel mix, fills his limited space on the back bench seat, and Lizzie, our elderly pooch, lying
on her special blanket on the floor.
4. They are quiet; they know the drill.
5. Every few hours they get to jump out of the truck and sniff out the newest stop.(11)
Thus far, we (12) have past the Hoover Dam, climbed the mountains of Flagstaff, Arizona, crossed the high deserts of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle, paid (13) our toll’s in Oklahoma, and looped around St. Louis, Missouri. After 26 hours on the road, we are a mere seven hours from home; this will be one of our fastest trips, thanks to pre-packed turkey sandwiches, fewer stops for gas, good weather, and audio books.
The landscape in Missouri is surprisingly snow-free for the month of January, but the sky is becoming predictably thick with gray clouds. I’m mentally preparing myself for a sunless New York sky during our week at home.14 But that’s okay; it will just reinforce for me the purpose of getting right back on the road in seven days to head back to sunny Las Vegas.

Q. Suppose the writer had chosen to write a travel article about Las Vegas, Nevada. Would this essay fulfill the writer’s goal?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (1)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (2)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (3)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (4)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (5)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (6)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (7) The author is considering deleting the previous sentence. If the sentence were deleted, the essay would primarily lose:

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (8)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (9) Given that all of the following are true, which one, if added here, would provide the most effective support for the statements made in the preceding sentence?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (10) Given that all of the choices are true, which one would most effectively conclude this paragraph?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (11)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (12) Which of the following sentences in this paragraph is LEAST relevant to the main focus of the essay and therefore should be deleted?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (13)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (14)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
Listening to a Different Language
Dog obedience training is an important undertaking when (1) one acquires a new dog. This is particularly important if the dog owner is a social person or plans to interact with other dogs and (2) the owners. One problem, however, is that obedience training (3) was a form of one-way communication from the owner to the dog. Many owners fail to consider that the animal actually communicates back.
Carefully watching a (4) dog movements and facial expressions reveals a great deal about what a dog is thinking. A dog’s forehead, for example, may wrinkle when the dog is (5) confused or waiting for a signal from its owner. When the dog wants to play, it might pull (6) the lips back slightly, showing its teeth in a “smile.” A relaxed dog might let its tongue loll out of its mouth, creating a look of contentment on its face.(7)
Other forms of body language (8) can also indicate which emotion a dog is experiencing. For example, if its ears are raised, it is probably absorbing the sounds around it.
Shifting its ears back flat against its head demonstrates submission or fear.(9) A high, wagging tail shows that the dog is happy and ready to play. If the wagging tail is held low and taut, however, the dog is probably on guard and may be ready to pounce. When it feels threatened or indicates submissiveness, the dog might tuck its tail between its legs, crouch down, and then roll over onto its back. (10) Body language and even vocalizations are good indicators of a dog’s emotions.
1. While most dogs are capable of learning a variety of human words and physical (11) signals; training  a dog becomes much easier when the owner tries to discern its unique communication signals.
2. As an owner begins tuning in to his or her dog’s body language, he or she may find that the dog responds to movements in addition to verbal commands.
3. For example, when teaching a dog to “come,” the owner might find it more effective to crouch down, the owner’s back to the dog as its name is called.
4. The dog will interpret this behavior in a more positive light than if the owner leans forward and yells at it to “come.”
5. To a dog, a crouching position is more welcoming than a forward-lean, which a dog naturally finds threatening.
6. Dog owners should always have small treats on hand to reward their dog when it obeys a command. (12)
The bottom (13) line, is that there is a great deal more involved in (14) communicating with  a canine than just teaching it to come, stay, heel, and fetch. To attain a strong, two-way relationship, it is (15) best with remembering the importance of non-verbal communication.

Q. (15)