Mock Test - 2 - ACT MCQ

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (4)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (5)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (6)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (7)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (8)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (9)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (10)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (11) Which of the following sentences, if added here, would best strengthen the tone of the essay while providing a transition into the next paragraph?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (12)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (13)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (14)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
An Island Speaks
For some, backpacking is the ultimate vacation. The wilderness has a way of cleansing the spirit. What was once (1) a tedious, tiring activity, for me, is now an essential part of my summer recreation. My passion for backpacking took hold many years ago when I crossed paths (2) with a hiker in the backcountry of Isle Royale National Park.
The (3) excitement in his eyes needless to say was infectious as he gazed out over Lake Superior. “By the shores of Gitche Gumee,/By the shining Big-Sea-Water,/Stood the wigwam of Nokomis,/Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.” He continued with more verses. “Have you read Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha?” (4) he asked, inquiring me.
I had not. “Read it,” he replied, “and (5) you have felt the passion that the native people had for this lake, this land. It was their lifeblood.” I understood what he meant. In the wilderness both physical and spiritual sustenance can be found, so every step along the trail (6) brings you, closer to peace. My goal in backpacking is no longer the destination. (7) However, like the people in Longfellow’s epic, I now seek harmony with the Earth through immersion in its scenic riches.
After many summers on the trail, I’ve established my (8) preferred routine. I rise and retire with the sun. Sunrises and sunsets (9) are time with calm reflection. After breakfast and before dinner, I slowly walk around the area near my tent, taking note of the plants, animals, and minerals that surround me. If I’m (10) lucky, there is a creek, or a pond, to discover. Sometimes I find a fallen log or a huge boulder perfect for sitting upon and reflecting. In these times I surrender myself to the wilderness, allowing the sights, sounds, and smells to pass through me. (11)
Sometimes what I write in the wilderness is poetry, other (12) time’s it’s prose. Years later I can look at my notepads to stir up vivid memories of my travels. This creative process has made backpacking (13) more than immeasurably rewarding. The backcountry stimulates both my primal instincts and high levels of creativity.
Nowhere else do I feel as rawly human. When others (14) snap photographs, I write. (15) Therefore, a picture isn’t worth a thousand words. A journal of reflections imbued with nature’s spectacle is far more valuable.

Q. (15)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (1)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (2)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (3)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (4) Which of the following sentences, if added here, would most effectively introduce the subject of the remainder of the essay?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (5)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (6)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (7) The writer wants to add a quote here that would further exemplify what he believes are the attitudes of Americans who have never owned a pet. Which of the following would most effectively accomplish this?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (8) Which of the choices would NOT be acceptable here?

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (9)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (10)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (11)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (12) In order to emphasize the visibility of the typical African’s relationship with his dog, the author intends to add the word “tangible” to the preceding sentence. The word would most effectively serve the above-stated purpose if added:

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (13)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (14)

Directions: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,”. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.

Passage
African Dogs
When I was preparing for my two-week vacation to southern Africa, I realized that the continent would be like nothing (1) ever that I’d seen, never having left North America. I wanted to explore the (2) urban’s streets as well as the savannah; it’s always been my goal to have experiences while on vacation that most (3) tourists fail to find. Upon my arrival in Africa, the amiable people there welcomed me with open arms. Despite the warmth of these people, I discovered that our cultural differences were stunning and made for plenty of laughter and confusion. What’s funny now, though, more than ever, is how ridiculous I must have seemed to the people of one village when I played with their dog. (4)
When I walk the streets of my hometown now, I often find myself staring at all the dogs and dog-owners on the sidewalk. The owner smiles and stares at the animal, (5) panting excitedly in anticipation of the next stimulus along the path. (6) Dog’s owners love to believe their animal is smart, while people who’ve never owned a dog tend to believe the opposite. (7) Perhaps Americans enjoy dogs for just that sort of ignorant bliss. (8) With a little training, dogs won’t bark, bite, or use the sofa as a toilet, but they will provide years of unconditional affection and loyalty, plus the occasional lame-brained escapade at which human onlookers can laugh.
If a dog (9) happens to live on the urban streets of southwest Africa, (10) they soon learn to deal with a (11) starkly different reality than that of the American pooch. As I saw it, the relationship between a typical African and his dog is one of mutualism. (12) I say tangible because the African sees himself as the dominant creature not to be bothered by the (13) dog but nevertheless responsible for providing for it. Hence, attempts at behavior training are rare on African dogs. Instead, a villager seizes power with a chunk of scrap meat and a bowl of water. The dog soon learns to quit yapping and biting at the hand that feeds him. (14) Never does the villager speak to the animal. I’m not even sure such dogs get names. Their behavior becomes interestingly balanced, however, much to the surprise of the compassionate American dog lover. I believe that the secret to the villager’s success after so little effort is providing for the dog’s physical needs.
(15) Without the man the dog eats no meat so the dog reveres the man. Perhaps tomorrow the dog will eat another’s scraps. Soon, the animal becomes tame, well-mannered community property that keeps the rodent population down and the children company.

Q. (15)