Test: Transport Systems - Grade 10 MCQ

To measure stroke volume we use the formula: Cardiac output in cm³ per minute = heart rate in beats per minute × stroke volume in cm³ per beat. This means the athlete's stroke volume will be 194 cm³.

A stent is a tube of thin wire mesh that is used to keep a coronary artery open. A hollow, flexible tube used to introduce medical devices into an organ is a catheter.

The heart beat originates in a group of specialised cells in the wall of the right atrium. The wave of contraction then spreads to the left atrium and to the ventricles.

A red blood cell does not have a nucleus. The nucleus is lost during the development of the red blood cell so that more haemoglobin can be packed into the cell.

The path that describes the movement of oxygenated blood is the pulmonary vein, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs.

If a patient is warned that their cholesterol levels are too high, a course of statins will lower these. Scientific evidence suggests that statins are very effective in lowering levels of 'bad cholesterol' and raising levels of 'good cholesterol'.

Two characteristics of veins are that they have thin walls and a wide lumen.

Lymphocytes produce antibodies. Antibodies are important in the body recognising a microorganism as being 'foreign', and not one of the body's cells.

Pulmonary circulation involves the collection of oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs. Deoxygenated blood is transported to the lungs by the pulmonary artery, and oxygenated blood returned to the heart by the pulmonary vein.

Multicellular organisms need a transport system to move molecules internally when the rate of diffusion would be too slow. Transport systems include a blood system in animals and xylem and phloem in plants.