CUET History Previous Year Solved Paper 3 (5 August 2022 Slot-1) - Humanities/Arts MCQ

• In some seals, a figure shown seated crosslegged in a "yogic" posture, sometimes surrounded by animals, has been regarded as a depiction of "proto-Shiva"
• Proto-Shiva  seals - The earliest religious text, the Rigveda (compiled c. 1500-1000 BCE) mentions a god named Rudra, which is a name used for Shiva in later Puranic traditions . However, unlike Shiva, Rudra in the Rigveda is neither depicted as Pashupati (lord of animals in general and cattle in particular), nor as a yogi. In other words, this depiction does not match the description of Rudra in the Rigveda. Is this, then, possibly a shaman as some scholars have suggested?

What is also interesting is an apparent concern for privacy: there are no windows in the walls along the ground level.

Although several thousand inscriptions have been discovered, not all have been deciphered, published and translated. Besides, many more inscriptions must have existed, which have not survived the ravages of time.

There were fiv e major political centres in the empire - the capital Pataliputra and the provincial centres of Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri, all mentioned in Asokan inscriptions.

Oligarchy refers to a form of gov ernment where power is exercised by a group of men.

The Prayaga Prashasti (also known as the Allahabad Pillar Inscription) composed in Sanskrit by Harishena, the court poet of Samudragupta, arguably the most powerful of the Gupta rulers (c. fourth century CE), is a case in point.

It is Marriage outside Unit

The Brahmanas evolved two or three strategies for enforcing these norms. One, as we have just seen, was to assert that the varna order was of divine origin. Second, they advised kings to ensure that these norms were followed within their kingdoms. And third, they attempted to persuade people that their status was determined by birth.

The task of preparing a critical edition of the Mahabharata.

The Abhidhamma Pitaka dealt with philosophical matters.

The empty seat was m eant to indicate the meditation of the Buddha, and the stupa was meant to represent the mahaparinibbana. Another frequently used symbol was the wheel. This stood for the first sermon of the Buddha, delivered at Sarnath.

The Rig Veda is the earliest compiled Veda, dating back to around 1500-1000 B.C. Its main features include:

• Hymns: The Rig Veda consists of 1,028 hymns, known as Suktas, which are divided into 10 books called Mandalas.
• Praise of Deities: The hymns in the Rig Veda are dedicated to various deities, particularly Agni (the god of fire), Indra (the god of thunder and war), and Soma (the god of the sacred drink).
• Importance: The Rig Veda is considered the oldest and most important Veda in Hinduism, as it contains the core spiritual and philosophical teachings of the religion.
• Language: The Rig Veda was composed in an early form of Sanskrit, which is the basis for many modern Indian languages.
• Source of Knowledge: The contents of the Rig Veda are believed to have been revealed to ancient sages (Rishis) during deep meditation, making it a sacred source of knowledge and wisdom.veda

Travelling overland through Central Asia, Ibn Battuta reached Sind in 1333. He had heard about Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi, and lured by his reputation as a generous patron of arts and letters, set off for Delhi, passing through Multan and Uch.

• In the late fifteenth century, Shankaradev a emerged as one of the leading proponents of Vaishnavism in Assam.
• The twelfth century witnessed the emergence of a new movement in Karnataka, led by a Brahmana named Basavanna

He proposed a simple way to connect to the Divine by remembering and repeating the Divine Name, expressing his ideas through hymns called "shabad"

A seventeenth- century painting of Shaik  Nizamuddin Auliya and his disciple Amir

In 1986 Hampi declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.

• The first dynasty, known as the Sangama dynasty, exercised control till 1485.
• They were supplanted by the Saluvas, military commanders, who remained in power till 1503 when they were replaced by the Tuluvas. Krishnadeva Raya belonged to the Tuluva dynasty.

• A kalyana mandapa, meant to celebrate divine weddings
• Hazara Rama temple - meant to be used only by the king and his family

This text meticulously recorded the arrangements made by the state to ensure cultivation, to enable the collection of revenue by the agencies of the state and to regulate the relationship between the state and rural magnates, the zamindars.

They liv ed around the Rajmahal hills, subsisting on forest produce and practising shifting cultivation.

Bengal village scene, paint ed by George Chinnery, 1820 Chinnery stayed in India for 23 years (1802-25), painting portraits, landscapes and scenes of the everyday life of the common people.

When the Permanent Settlement was imposed, Tejchand was the Raja of Burdwan.

• Francis Buchanan was a physician who came to India and served in the Bengal Medical Service (from 1794 to 1815). For a few years he was surgeon to the Governor-General of India, Lord Wellesley. During his stay in Calcutta (presentday Kolkata), he organised a zoo that became the Calcutta Alipore Zoo; he was also in charge of the Botanical Gardens for a short period. On the request of the Government of Bengal, he undertook detailed surveys of the areas under the jurisdiction of the British East India Company.
• In 1815 he fell ill and returned to England. Upon his mother's death, he inherited her property and assumed her family name Hamilton. So he is often called Buchanan-Hamilton.

Zamindars could pay the British any time of the year.

Fort St. George (or historically, White Town) is a fortress in the coastal city of Chennai, India. Founded in 1639

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - 1919
• The Khilafat Mov ement, (1919-1920) was a movement of Indian Muslims, led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
• Pakistan Resolution - March 24, 1940.
• Cripps Mission - 1942
• A Cabinet Mission sent in the summer of 1946

• Gandhiji's first major public appearance was at the opening of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in February 1916.
• Champaran Satyagraha  1917
• Rowlatt Act - 1919
• Non-cooperation movement 1920
• Salt Satyagraha - 1930

Through the Swadeshi mov ement of 1905-07 it had greatly broadened its appeal among the middle classes. That movement had thrown up some towering leaders - among them Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal, and Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab.

• Gopal Krishna Gokhale - Gandhiji's political mentor
• Bipin Chandra Pal - The three were known as
• Lal, Bal and Pal", · Annie Besant - Home Rule
• Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who, like Gandhiji, was a lawyer of Gujarati extraction trained in London.