Geography: CUET Mock Test - 10 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The release of toxic and non-biodegradable wastes from industries and urban sewerages, open defecation, etc. have created many health hazards. The Government of India has taken many steps to address these problems and the Swachh Bharat Mission is one of these. Municipal waste, industrial effluents and pollutants generated by transport, etc., are major sources of pollution in urban India. Open defecation in rural areas and in urban slums is a major source of pollution. The Government of India with its flagship programme 'Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)' aims at a pollution-free environment.

International trade can prove to be detrimental to nations. It leads to dependence on other countries, uneven levels of development, exploitation, and commercial rivalry leading to wars. Global trade affects many aspects of life; it can impact everything from the environment to health and well-being of the people around the world. As countries compete to trade more, production and the use of natural resources spiral up, and resources get used up faster than they can be replenished. International trade has resulted in creating 'dual economies' in underdeveloped countries, as a result of which the export sector became an island of development while the rest of the economy remained backward. As a result, marine life is also depleting fast, which is resulting in uneven development.

Radicalism is a school of thought, having a strong base in humanism which employed Marxian Theory to explain the basic cause of poverty, deprivation, and social inequality. The contemporary social problems were related to the development of capitalism.

Natural growth of the population is defined as the difference between the numbers of births and deaths in a population. The value of the population rise will give the development of the population. With the help of natural growth of population, predictions of the future population are made, and the growth development of the individuals is determined. Option A is correct.

A megacity in geography is an urban area that contains more than 10 million residents. There are currently 33 megacities in the world. The top five megacities are all located in Asia. Asia is the continent with the most overall megacities with 19 (or 20 if we count Turkey as part of Asia). Europe has five megacities (including Istanbul, Turkey). Africa, North America, and South America each has three megacities. China is the country with the most megacities (five): Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Tianjin.

The primary reason why the brand has set up its production facilities in a specific town is to bring down the costs of production in order to increase profits. Only option C explains this. Options B and D are incorrect as if these were the intentions of the brand, then the wages paid would be higher. Higher wages would ensure women empowerment and development of the town because of higher wages being paid to its residents. Option A fails to conclude why the brand has set up its production facilities in this town only. Demands of the consumers may have been met through production taking place in other towns also.

The world's first public railroad was the Lake Rock Railroad, a narrow-gauge railroad built near Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. The first use of steam locomotives was in the United Kingdom. The early railroads followed a straight line and were built with parallel wooden rails.

The world's total motorable road length is only about 15 million km, of which North America accounts for 33 per cent. The highest road density and the highest number of vehicles are registered in this continent compared to Western Europe.

Shifting cultivation is a form of agricultural practice in which farmers clear an area of land by slashing vegetation and burning forests for agricultural purposes. This practice is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture or slash-and-burn cultivation. Jhum or Jhoom cultivation is also known as shifting cultivation or slash and burn cultivation. Jhum cultivation was practised in Central Highland.

During the fifteenth century, the European colonialism began and along with trade of exotic commodities, a new form of trade emerged which was called the slave trade. The Portuguese, Dutch, Spaniards, and British captured African natives and forcefully transported them to the newly discovered Americas for their labour in the plantations. Slave trade was a lucrative business for more than two hundred years till it was abolished in Denmark in 1792, Great Britain in 1807, and the United States in 1808.

Bilateral trade is the correct answer because it is one of the types of trade. Bilateral trade is done by two countries with each other. They enter into an agreement to trade specified commodities amongst them. For example, country A may agree to trade some raw material with agreement to purchase some other specified item from country B or vice versa.

The development of inland waterways is dependent on the navigability width and depth of the channel, continuity in the water flow, and transport technology in use. Rivers are the only means of transport in dense forests. Very heavy cargo like coal, cement, timber and metallic ores can be transported through inland waterways.

Factors affecting the distribution of population are:

• Availability of water: It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where freshwater is easily available.
• Climate is as important as terrain in influencing population. Of all the climatic factors, twin elements of rainfall and temperature play the most important role in determining the population of an area. Man cannot go beyond the limits set by climate.

Garrison towns are places where troops are stationed, usually for defence but sometimes for prestige reasons, as in capital cities, where they form part of the governor's entourage. The first garrison towns were Placentia and St John's (Nfld), Port-Royal and Canso (NS), and Québec City. By the 18th century, Louisbourg, Halifax and Montréal were added to the number. Small bodies of troops periodically garrisoned lesser centres such as Saint John. In some cases, a town grew up around a fort or barracks, and troops continued to be posted there even after the fortifications had sunk into ruin.

Europe has one of the most dense rail networks in the world. There are about 4,40,000 km of railways, most of which are double or multiple-tracked. Belgium has the highest density of 1 km of railway for every 6.5 sq km area.

The poor are being subjected to the following three inter-related processes of declining capabilities:
(1) Social capabilities – due to displacement and weakening of social ties (social capital),
(2) Environmental capabilities – due to pollution, and,
(3) Personal capabilities – due to increasing incidence of diseases and accidents.
This, in turn, has adverse effects on their quality of life and human development.

The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population. The age-sex pyramid of Nigeria is a triangular shaped pyramid with a wide base and is typical of less developed countries. These have larger populations in lower age groups due to high birth rates. If we construct the pyramids for Bangladesh and Mexico, it would look the same.

Radio broadcasting was started in India in 1923 by the Radio Club of Bombay.
Television broadcasting has emerged as the most effective audio-visual medium for disseminating information and educating masses. Initially, the T.V. services were limited only to the National Capital where they began in 1959.
INSAT or the Indian National Satellite System is a series of multipurpose Geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue needs of India. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia Pacific Region.

The region with the highest population density of 146 P/Km² is Asia. The region with the third highest population density of 34 P/Km² is Europe. Therefore, the difference between the population densities of both the regions is 112 P/Km².

Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia, but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). As visible in the graph, Oceania contains only 0.5% of the world population. Since New Zealand is a part of Oceania, we can conclude that New Zealand has had the least population expansion.

Fossil fuel:​

• These are the fuel which is formed by natural processes such as the decomposition of dead and buried organisms. 
• Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals.
• When fossil fuels are burned carbon and hydrogen react with oxygen in the air to carbon dioxide.
• During this reaction, heat is released which further amplifies the reaction.
• The burning of fossil fuels is the world's largest contributor to air pollution.
•  It releases pollutants, including particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, mercury, and other hazardous air pollutants.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) is produced from partial fossil fuel combustion.
• Example: Coal, natural gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene, oil etc.

Thus, Coal, Natural gas and Petroleum are termed as fossil fuels.

The correct answer is Communication.

• Optical fiber is made up of plastic or drawing glass, it is used for the transmission of data using light pulses traveling along with a long fiber.
• There are generally three types of fiber optic cable commonly used: single-mode, multimode and plastic optical fiber.
• Fiber optics are used in Cable TV, Telephone, Computer Networking, Surgery and Dentistry, Lighting and decorations.
• Optical Fiber Communication is the technique of communication in which a signal is transmitted in the form of light and the optical fiber is used as a medium of transmitting.
• The signal transmitted in optical fiber is converted from the electrical signal into light and at the receiving end, it is converted back into the electrical signal from the light.

The correct answer is Crop rotation.

• Crop rotation is referred to growing different crops on the same land in a recurring succession.
• Usually, pulses are grown in crop rotation to improve soil fertility.
• By the practice of crop rotation, we can interrupt pest and disease cycles and improve soil health by increasing biomass by growing different crops.

• Shifting Agriculture:
  • It is practised by the tribals in the forest areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh.
  • In this type of agriculture, a piece of forest land is cleared mainly by tribal people by felling and burning of trees and crops are grown.
• Jhoom is the name of Shifting Agriculture in the north-east region of India.
• Podu, Dabi, Koman or Bringa in Orissa
• Kumari in the Western Ghats.
• Watra in southeast Rajasthan,
• Penda, Bewar or Dahia and Deppa or Kumari in the Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh.

The correct answer is Coal.

Mineral fuels are essential for the generation of power, required by agriculture, industry, transport, and other sectors of the economy. Mineral fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas (known as fossil fuels).

​The correct answer is Poverty.

• A cause for the Migration of unskilled workers in poverty.
• The unskilled workers migrate searching for ways to provide for their families and to escape unemployment, war, or poverty in their countries of origin.
• The Indian Census (2011) data calculated the total number of internal migrants accounting for inter and intra-state movement to be 450 million, an increase of 45% since the Census 2001 (De, 2019).
• Uttar Pradesh (UP), Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Rajasthan are among the major origin states of migration in India.
• Delhi, Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu are among the important destination states for these migrant workers.

Concept:

• Rainwater harvesting is a method to capture and store rainwater for various uses.
• It is also used to recharge groundwater aquifers.

Explanation:

• Rainwater harvesting has been practiced through various methods by different communities in the country for a long time.
• Traditional rainwater harvesting in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies, like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc.
• In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures are locally known as Kund or Tanka.
• Kund or Tanka is a covered underground tank.
• These are constructed near or in the house or village to store harvested rainwater.
• There is a wide scope to use rainwater harvesting techniques to conserve precious water resources.
•  It can be done by harvesting rainwater on rooftops and open spaces. 

Viticulture:

• The cultivation and harvesting of grapes are called viticulture.
• Viticulture is the specialty of the Mediterranian region.
• The best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavors are produced from this region such as Port wine is famous in Portugal, Sherry in Southern Spain, etc. 

The correct answer is Primary.

• The primary sector of the economy is related to agriculture.
• The primary sector is also called 'agriculture and related sector'.
• The production of a commodity through the natural process is an activity associated with the primary sector.
• The primary sector is related to the extraction and harvesting of natural products.
• The primary sector consists of agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry. 

Doab is a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers. It is usually used to refer to the flat alluvial tract between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers extending from the Sivalik Hills to the two rivers' confluence at Allahabad.