Test: Object−Based Databases and XML - 2 - Software Development MCQ

An object-based database stores data as objects with methods and properties, allowing for more complex and structured data storage compared to traditional relational databases.

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. It is a markup language that defines rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

An XML schema is a collection of rules that define the structure, content, and data types of elements and attributes in an XML document. It provides a way to validate and enforce the structure of XML documents.

Querying in XML databases involves retrieving and manipulating XML data using query languages like XQuery. It allows users to extract specific data from XML documents based on specified criteria.

XQuery is a query language specifically designed for querying and manipulating XML data. It allows for selecting specific elements, filtering data, and performing various transformations on XML documents.

This XQuery expression uses the // operator to select all book elements anywhere in the XML document, and then selects the title elements under those book elements. It retrieves the titles of all books in the XML document.

This XML document is valid according to the given schema. It follows the structure defined in the schema with the person element containing name and age elements.

The hierarchical storage model provides faster access to individual XML elements as it represents XML documents as a collection of trees. Each tree represents a hierarchy of nested elements.

This XQuery expression selects the name element of employees whose department is 'IT'. It navigates to the company element, then selects the employee elements with the condition [department='IT'], and finally retrieves the name elements within those selected employee elements.

XML namespaces are used to provide a unique identifier for XML elements and attributes. They help avoid naming conflicts when different XML vocabularies or schemas are combined.

XML has various applications such as representing data for web services, storing configuration files, and facilitating data interchange between different systems.

Object-based databases support advanced features like inheritance and complex data types, which are not natively supported by traditional relational databases.

This XQuery expression selects the name element of students whose grade is 'A'. It navigates to the student elements with the condition [grade='A'], and then retrieves the name elements within those selected student elements.

This XML document is valid according to the given schema. It includes the required elements brand and year, and also provides the optional attribute color.

The document-oriented storage model is commonly used for representing XML documents as a collection of documents. It allows for flexible and dynamic schema structures.