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Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - MCAT MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Balancing Chemical Equations

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Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 1

During respiration, oxygen binds to a hemoglobin complex (Hb4) in the bloodstream to form oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb4O8). Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 1
  • For every 4 hemoglobins that comprise Hb4, a single output Hb4O8 is created
  • The number in front of the Hb4 should thus be identical to that in front of Hb4O8
  • The total number of oxygens must remain the same before and after the reaction
  • The correct reaction is Hb4 + 4O2 → Hb4O8  
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 2

In the absence of oxygen, plants can perform respiration by converting glucose, C6H12O6 to ethanol, C2H5OH, and carbon dioxide. Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 2
  • Only one reactant and one product contain hydrogen; this means that the coefficients of these molecules should be balanced first so that the number of hydrogen atoms is equal on both sides
  • Two ethanol molecules for each glucose will balance hydrogen
  • The next step is to separately count to total number of carbon atoms, and then oxygen atoms, on each side of the equation
  • There are 2 oxygen atoms fewer and 1 carbon missing on the right
  • The balance reaction is thus C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
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Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 3

In the presence of insufficient oxygen for aerobic respiration, the body will perform anaerobic respiration, in which glucose, C6H12O6, is converted to lactic acid, C3H6O3. Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 3
  • The first step is to count the total number of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms on each side of the candidate respiration equation. C6H12O6 → C3H6O3 
  • There are exactly double the number of each type of atom on the right side then on the left side
  • None of the other answers have the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
  • The balanced reaction is simply C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 4

Uranium hexafluoride can leech into the air by bonding to water vapor to form UO2F2 and HF, both of which are toxic to humans. Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 4
  • Start by balancing the U, which only appears once on each side of the reaction
  • Next balance oxygen and hydrogen, which both appears in one molecule on each side of the reaction
  • Finally balance F, which appears multiple times on the right hand portion of the reaction
  • The balanced reaction is UF6 + 2H2O → UO2 F2 + 4HF
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 5

When an antacid tablet is used, calcium hydroxide interacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form inert calcium chloride, CaCl2 and water. Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 5
  • Start by balancing the calcium atoms, which only appear once on each side of the reaction
  • Balance the chlorine next, which also appears only once on each side.
  • Now put whatever coefficient in front of water that will balance the hydrogen and oxygen
  • The balanced reaction is Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 6

In some types of alcohol digestion, alcohol C2H5OH is broken down into vinegar, HC2H3O2 and water. Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 6
  • Balance carbon first, since it only appears once on each side of the reaction
  • Next balance hydrogen, which appears in fewer terms than oxygen
  • End by balancing the number of oxygen atoms
  • The correct reaction is C2H5OH + O2 → HC2​H3O2 + H2O
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 7

When butane (C4H10) is is burnt in air, the resulting reaction liberates carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following describes this reaction?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 7
  • Balance carbon first, since it only appears once on each side of the reaction
  • Next balance hydrogen, which appears in fewer terms than oxygen
  • Balance oxygen last, remembering that a fractional coefficient must be converted to an integer by multiplying all reagents by its denominator
  • The correct reaction is 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 8

Suppose that a balanced chemical reaction contains water molecules (in different numbers) on both sides of the reaction arrow. Which of the following correctly describes how the reaction can be reduced?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 8
  • Try writing down a simple possible reaction that meets the question criteria; for example 4H2O → 2H2 + O2 + 2H2O
  • Physically, we can think of the water molecules leftover after the reaction as not having participated at all in the reaction---thus making them extraneous in the balanced reaction.
  • Water can be removed from one side of the reaction by subtracting equal numbers of waters from each side until the coefficient becomes zero on one side.
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly describes all correctly-balanced chemical reactions?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 9
  • Consider simple counter examples; in the combustion of butane, 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10 H2O, none of the coefficients are equal to one.
  • The total number of molecules is only conserved in replacement reactions, in a decay reaction like UO2 → U + O2 the number of molecules increases, and the opposite happens for synthesis reactions.
  • Non-nuclear chemical reactions change molecules, but they do not change the elements present
  • The total number of atoms of each present element is conserved across the reaction arrow in a correctly-balanced chemical reaction.
Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 10

Which of the following reactions correctly describes the precipitation of solid zinc chloride from aqueous ions in a solution?

Detailed Solution for Test: Balancing Chemical Equations - Question 10
  • In a balanced chemical reaction, the total number of atoms of each element must be the same for both sides
  • While water may partially dissociate in solution, this reaction occurs independently of the precipitation of zinc chloride
  • Because the ions are already aqueous, water should not play an additional role in this reaction The correct reaction is Zn2+ + 2Cl → ZnCl2 
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