Test: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Carbohydrates - MCAT MCQ

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed into smaller units. Glucose is a monosaccharide and serves as an important source of energy in living organisms.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. They are composed of nucleotides and play a crucial role in protein synthesis and hereditary traits.

Phospholipids are a type of lipid that make up the major component of cell membranes. They have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail, which allows them to form a bilayer structure that provides a barrier for the cell.

Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms. They are broken down into glucose, which can be utilized for various metabolic processes and energy production.

Uracil (U) is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, whereas thymine (T) is found in DNA. Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) are common to both RNA and DNA.

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms and have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon chain. Stearic acid is an example of a saturated fatty acid.

Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharide units. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules.

Triglycerides, also known as fats, serve as a long-term energy storage form in animals. They consist of glycerol and three fatty acid chains and are stored in adipose tissue.

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a single-stranded nucleic acid that plays various roles in gene expression and protein synthesis. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double-stranded.

Complex carbohydrates, also known as polysaccharides, are composed of long chains of monosaccharide units. Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate and serves as the main storage form of glucose in animals.