CTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Science & Mathematics) - CTET & State TET MCQ

The theory of multiple intelligences is a theory of intelligence that differentiates it into specific (primarily sensory) "modalities", rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences has attracted controversy and criticism. 'Multiple intelligences are only the 'talents' present in intelligence as a whole' is one of the criticisms of this theory.
Hence, option 1 is correct.

'Enriched programme' can be used as it is a broad term for special practices, procedures and theories used in the education of children. An enrichment programme teaches additional related material to the student through the standard curriculum, faster than the normal.

All of the above given methods can be used to study the behaviour of the learners. Observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves studying the spontaneous behaviour of participants in natural surroundings.
In the interview method, there is a direct face-to-face contact between the investigator and the subject. Through this method, the interviewer collects information about the subject by asking questions. The inner feelings of the subject become known to the investigator.
The experimental method is one of the most important and objective methods of psychology. Through this method, attempts are made to establish cause and effect relationships through carefully planned and controlled observation of the subject's behaviour.

Right to Education Act (RTE) is an act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4th August, 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.
After the implementation of RTE Act 2009, the classrooms are age-wise more homogeneous.

Educational diagnostic testing is a form of assessment that occurs before instruction begins. The purpose of administering diagnostic tests is to try to determine what students already know about the concepts and skills to be covered by instruction. So, it is to know the general area of weakness in class performance.

'Prediction' is the characteristic of aptitude. 'Aptitude' means 'a natural ability to do something'.

Due to propagation of exploratory and project-based learning, which is greatly influenced by cognitive characteristics of students, it is necessary to determine student's cognitive potential. Preliminary investigations have shown that it is possible to select an individual plan of a learning process for every student, ensuring successful learning of a whole subject field, on the assumption that the optimal cognitive strategy can be determined and realised.

Mental age ÷ Physical age × 100 = IQ
5/4 x 100 = 125
No matter what the child's chronological age is, if the mental age is the same as the chronological age, then the IQ will equal 100. Modern intelligence tests, including the current Stanford-Binet test, no longer compute scores using the IQ formula.

An anecdotal record is an observational method used frequently in classroom or learning settings in which the observer summarises a single developmental incident after the event has occurred. Written from memory, the anecdotal record documents a student's growth and trends.

Vygotsky on make-believe play and cognitive development:
Vygotsky viewed make-believe play as unique, broadly influential zone of proximal development in which children learn to act in accord with internal ideas rather than on impulse.

All learners make mistakes. As someone has said: "You can't learn without goofing". Whether you are learning how to ride a bicycle, how to fly a kite or learn a language, everyone does make mistakes.

Achievement Motivation Theory: The Achievement motivation theory narrates personal individualities and circumstantial to a need for achievement and the allied competitive drive to meet standards of excellence. Achievement Motivation Theory (AMT) clarifies the affiliation between an individual’s appearances and his/her need to accomplish roughly in life. In doing so, it also takes into account the kind of reasonable drive a person has to achieve set goals.

The constructivist frame/perspective is based on the idea that meaningful learning takes place when learners actively construct their own knowledge.

Assessment is done to determine the outcomes (what students have learned), process (the way they learned), and their approach to the learning before, during, or after the program or course.

• During instruction, the assessment can be used to determine what students are learning so that if there is a need, the teacher can adjust their teacher.
• It is a process-oriented approach that is used to identify the areas for improvement in the learning process.

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc. are the most common learning disability.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution in the field of linguistics.

Problem-solving is an important part of thinking processes. In general, a problem is any kind of conflict or difference between one situation and another that one wishes to produce, that which is the goal. 

• Problem-solving can be done either with or without insight and utilizes analytical, synthetic thinking along with metacognition.
• An individual uses various kinds of methods or strategies to solve problems.
• Some strategies when used take a long time but definitely give an answer. On the other hand, there are some other strategies that take lesser time but do not always guarantee success.

Critical Thinking: Critical thinking is a process that is way beyond mental exercise. It ensembles the various mechanisms of reasoning which enable us to, analyze, synthesize, process, and evaluate the information.

Thorndike developed his theory based on his famous experiment on the cat and the puzzle box.

In the context of socio-cultural, psychologists proposed that human learning is largely a social process. Lev Vygotsky, a psychologist also proposed a theory that learning is developed through social interaction and plays an important role in the development of a learner's cognitive ability.​

The best way to motivate a child to learn is to appeal to his/her sense of pride and self respect.
Learning is the acquisition of new behavior or the strengthening or weakening of old behavior as a result of experience. It represents progressive changes in behavior. It also involves the acquisition of knowledge, habits, and attitude.
Motivation refers to the process that guides an individual to achieve a goal. Motivation plays important role in the learning process. The teacher is an important person inside the classroom to motivate the child and provide rewards to induce interest in the learner. ​

'Development is not aided by stimulation' statement is not correct about development.
Development is aided by stimulation:  While most development occurs as a result of maturation and environmental experiences, much can be done to aid development so that it will reach its full potential. Stimulation is especially effective at the time when the ability is normally developing, though it is important at all times.

Urge for competence is likely to motivate students towards mastery learning. "Mastery" is a key characteristic of "competency-based learning" that allows learners to keep learning until they feel that they can demonstrate skills mastery.

Egocentrism can be defined as the child being the center of the world and everything revolves around him. Egocentrism in early childhood refers to the tendency of young children to think that everyone sees things in the same way as the child.

A student with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is likely to have the tendency to get distracted easily. Developmental disorder refers to the severe, chronic disability of an individual which is likely to continue indefinitely. There are different kinds of developmental disorders and ADHD is one of them.

- Assertion is correct as emotions are indeed closely tied to biological needs.

- Reason is false as emotions can also arise from general situations, not just specific objects.

- The Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion, as emotions can stem from various sources beyond specific objects.

• Assertion Correctness: The assertion is correct. Revision and practice are indeed essential components for effective learning and evaluation.
• Reason Correctness: The reason is correct. Practice and revision help students reinforce their learning, while aiding teachers in assessing the efficacy of their teaching methods.
• Explanation: The reason serves as a valid explanation for the assertion. It ties together the importance of practice and revision in both student learning and teacher evaluation, showcasing their dual significance in the educational process.

- Assertion is correct. Peer groups do influence aspects like appearance and social activities.

- Reason is also correct. Mass media transmits information in an impersonal manner, potentially influencing perceptions and values.

- However, the Reason does not directly explain how peer groups influence individuals, so it is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

- The assertion correctly states that gender is a social construct shaped by societal structures and divisions.

- The reason complements the assertion by emphasizing that gender has evolved beyond individual traits to impact broader social arrangements.

- As the reason supports and explains the assertion adequately, Option A is the correct choice for this question.

- The assertion concerning assessment's objective nature is correct.
- The reason stating that evaluation involves judging and determining value is also true.
- However, the reason does not directly explain why assessment involves understanding conditions, leading to Option B as the correct answer.