CTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 9 (Social Science) - CTET & State TET MCQ

The achievement motivation theory is the theory that people are motivated to succeed by seeking out achievement. These people are encouraged by succeeding at difficult or challenging tasks. They are also motivated by looking for different methods of accomplishment.

Educational television is an example of media that transports learners to remote places by means of visualised reports. Educational television is the use of television programs in the field of distance education.

'Socialisation' is a process by which children and adults learn from society that includes family, peers as well as school.

In a culturally and linguistically diverse classroom, before deciding whether a student comes under special education category, a teacher should evaluate student on his/her mother language to establish disability.

A classroom teacher would like to know the opinion of class X students on a certain issue. The appropriate method to know the opinion is an attitude. Attitude means a settled way of thinking or feeling about something.

Systematic presentation of concepts may be related to 'Development proceeds from heteronomy to autonomy'. Heteronomy means dependence on others, while autonomy means self reliance. Young children are dependent on others for their care and welfare, but adolescents are capable of taking care of themselves. This shows the movement from heteronomy to autonomy.

Goals and motives are the external factors that are affecting the interest of students in a classroom.

An inclusive school does not segregate special children from normal. On the contrary, it mixes them with other children. So, the premise of the question is itself contradictory.

Creative writing should be an activity planned for all the children. However, the activity can be planned keeping in view the cognitive level of the students, and the their learning stage.

Provide scaffolding and other kinds of support during classroom activities and for homework. scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process.

The National Education Policy (NEP) was approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2020 and aims to implement various improvements to the Indian educational system from the school level to the college level.

Language learning is an active process that begins at birth and continues throughout life. Students learn the language as they use it to communicate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, establish relationships with family members and friends.

The sociocultural context refers to a person's social and cultural milieu in which he lives at a certain time period.

• Socio-cultural context includes race, class, ability, different learning conditions and styles, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, nationality and other dimensions that make up the identity of the individual student and impact his or her learning experience.
• Social institutions and systems develop through history, culture, and heritage. The caste system, the joint family system, child marriage, sati, and the patriarchal family are all examples of social institutions and systems.

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc are the most common learning disability.
Learning disability:

• Learning disability is intrinsic and due to central nervous system dysfunction.
• It is a variable state which can be addressed by appropriate comprehensible input.
• It can't be attributed to cultural deprivation as it can present in children of any culture.

Inclusive Education means education for all children in school as It refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system, regardless of their differences and disabilities.

• It values the diversity, each child brings to the classroom and facilitates all with equal opportunities to learn and grow.
• Inclusive education improves the quality and making provisions of education for all.
• It includes all the categories of learners like disadvantaged students, general categories students, excluded students, Minority students, learning disabled students, etc.
• Inclusive education welcomes and celebrates diversity.
• It provides a provision to include disabled children along with normal children in a regular classroom environment.
• It refers to an education system that accommodates all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic, or other conditions.

ICT stands for Information Communication Technology which plays a major role in the field of education. ICTs offer a great potential to support lifelong learning for all groups of students, including those who have special needs. 

Giftedness refers to talent. The gifted students are essentially exceptional and generally show consistency in their performances and exhibit superiority in general intelligence. They are intrinsically motivated with high self-esteem. It is usually high ability or aptitude in one or more areas.

​A teacher does not often have the opportunity to consider the very basic principles of his/her craft in the classroom. There are a few factors that contribute to effective and worthwhile learning and teaching environment. All teachers do good things some of the time, and all good teachers do bad things some of the time. The differences among teachers lie not only in the proportions of the good and the bad but also in their awareness of the effects of what they are doing and their readiness to share this awareness with their students.

Mistakes and Errors:

• When a learner can’t master a topic, he/she is vulnerable to make errors. Errors are nothing but incorrectness made by a child during learning. 
• It also takes place due to the mismatch in previously assimilated and newly accommodated knowledge. 

Emotional Development: It is one of major aspects of human development. Emotions like love, anger, fear, etc. play a great role in the development of a child’s personality. It can be expressed in various ways, like facial expressions on the face, like gestures, like volume and tone of speech, by the behavioral display or motives of a person. There is no moment in our life when we do not experience emotions. They can result from a variety of external or internal stimulations.

Assessment of learning evaluates student learning by comparing it against some standard or level. It ‘Sums-up’ how much a student has learned over a period of time. The main objective is to rank, grade, classify and compare students periodically that indicate their level of performance. It is considered a Formal method of Assessment as it is conducted at a specific time.

Gender Bias is behavior that shows favoritism toward one gender over another. Gender bias occurs when we make assumptions regarding the behaviors, abilities, or preferences of students based upon their gender. Therefore, During classroom discussions, when the teacher pays attention to boys only rather than girls. This shows the scenario of gender biaseness.

By individual differences, we mean physical and behavioural variations, seen in all species including human beings. Some of us are tall, some short, some bright and some are dull.  Some of the instructional strategies are discussed below-

• The methods of teaching should be in keeping with the needs of the individuals.
• The curriculum should be organized and made flexible as per the needs and requirements of the individual.
• Instruction should aim at the development of the student's cognitive process beyond the attainment of information alone. 
• In a heterogeneous classroom situation, you can organize instruction based on ability grouping where students are grouped according to the level of their ability, and instruction is modified as stated above to suit the level of their ability.
• The methods of teaching should be in keeping with the needs of the individuals.

Heredity is the primary determinant of how far we can go this describes the extent of the effect of heredity upon development best.
Heredity provides a basis or potential for the development of any personality trait. Heredity influences physique, motor-sensory equipment and level of intelligence, certain diseases, and temperamental characteristics.

• Heredity is the primary determinant of how far we can go to develop the basis or potential of a child
• The bad environment can suppress good inheritance but the good environment is not a substitute for bad heredity
• Heredity sets the limit of the maximum development of a characteristic, which cannot be crossed by providing the best environment. 
• Heredity is represented by ‘genes’ and the environment is represented by any stimulation minus genes. Thus we find that our body size, the color of skin and the ceiling of our intellectual capacities are all genetically determined but the final shape of our personalities emerges through our interactions with varied physical, geographical, social, and cultural environments that envelope us. Thus the development of personality is a dynamic process.

Knowing that objects and people exist even when you can't see or hear them is an important part of object permanence. Jean Piaget, a child psychologist, was the first to uncover this notion, and it is a critical milestone in a baby's brain development.
The capacity of a youngster to perceive that items remain even after they are no longer visible or audible is referred to as object permanence. When an object is concealed from view, infants under a particular age are frequently distressed that it has disappeared.

• The assertion is correct as infants indeed engage in babbling during the pre-linguistic stage.
• The reason is also correct as babbling is a fundamental step towards developing speech.
• However, while babbling is important for speech development, it might not directly explain the entirety of language acquisition as the reason for the assertion.

- The Assertion is true as the NCF 2005 does aim to integrate examinations with classroom life for a flexible assessment approach.
- The Reason is false as addressing educational distortions by enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks is not directly related to integrating examinations with classroom life.

• Assertion: Encouraging children to discuss their issues with parents and teachers helps them develop problem-solving skills. This statement is valid as open communication can lead to the sharing of perspectives and solutions.
• Reason: Children who share their problems can receive guidance and support in finding solutions. This reason aligns with the assertion as seeking assistance from trusted individuals can aid in problem resolution.
• Explanation: The reason correctly explains the assertion as open communication with adults can provide children with insights and strategies to tackle their problems effectively.

- Assertion is false as gender stereotypes are mainly shaped by societal norms, not genetic inheritance.
- Reason is false because gender roles are not fixed; they evolve over time and vary across cultures and societies.
- Since both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect and not interlinked, the correct answer is Option D.

- Assertion is true as play indeed involves motor, cognitive, and socio-emotional skill development in children.

- The Reason is false as character play involves modeling play after others with little direct interest, not necessarily without any interest at all.