Movements of Earth- 1 - Class 5 SST Free MCQ Test with solutions

The Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbit around the Sun by approximately 23.5 degrees. This tilt is crucial as it influences the seasons we experience on our planet.

Periods of day and night are caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis. As the Earth rotates, different parts of the planet face the Sun, resulting in daylight, while the areas facing away experience night. This rotation takes approximately 24 hours to complete, creating a regular cycle of day and night.

-The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path or orbit is called revolution.
-This motion takes approximately 365.25 days to complete, resulting in one Earth year.
-During this revolution, the Earth's axis remains tilted, giving rise to the changing seasons.

Earth has two primary types of motions:

• Rotation: The movement of the Earth on its axis, which causes day and night.
• Revolution: The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path or orbit, which takes approximately 365.25 days to complete and gives rise to the change of seasons.

Therefore, the Earth has two types of motions: rotation and revolution.

• The term "equinox" refers to the two points in the year when the Sun crosses the celestial equator.
• These points mark the beginning of spring and autumn and are known as the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, respectively.
• During an equinox, neither of the poles is tilted towards the Sun. Instead, the Earth's axis is inclined neither away from nor towards the Sun, resulting in approximately equal lengths of day and night around the world.
• This is because the Sun is directly overhead at the equator, and its rays strike the Earth's surface at a right angle, causing equal illumination on both the northern and southern hemispheres.

The earth is closest to the Sun on 3rd January. This event is known as perihelion, and it occurs annually. The distance varies throughout the year, but this date marks the closest point in the earth's orbit.

Nicolaus Copernicus suggests that the Sun is at the centre of our solar system, and the Earth orbits around it. However, he was not the first to propose that the Earth rotates on its own axis.

Earlier thinkers, like the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclides, had already suggested that the Earth rotates. Therefore, the statement that Copernicus was the first to propose Earth's rotation is false.

Explanation:

• The Earth is tilted as it moves around the Sun.
• Because of this tilt, different parts of the Earth get more or less sunlight at different times of the year.
• When the North Pole leans toward the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
• When the North Pole leans away from the Sun, it is winter there.
• This is why we have spring, summer, autumn, and winter.

When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere receives more sunlight, leading to summer in that hemisphere. This is because the Sun's rays directly hit that part of the Earth, making it warmer and causing longer days in the Northern Hemisphere.

• The statement is True. The Earth actually takes around 365 and 1/4 days to complete one orbit around the Sun. This extra bit of time is why we have leap years, where we add an extra day to February every four years to keep our calendars in sync with the Earth's movements. So, it's like a little bonus day!
• This extra day in February makes that year a leap year with 366 days instead of the usual 365. So, next time you see February 29th on the calendar, remember it's there to keep our timekeeping all in order!