MPPSC Mock Test - 4 - MPPSC (Madhya Pradesh) MCQ

• Deflation: This involves the lifting and blowing away of loose materials from the ground. Such unconsolidated sands and pebbles may be carried in the air or rolled along the ground depending on the grain size.
• The finer dust and sands may be removed miles away from their place of origin, and be deposited even outside the desert margins. Deflation results in the lowering of the land surface to form large depressions called deflation hollows. The Qattara Depression of the Sahara Desert lies almost 450 feet below sea level.

The principle of collective responsibility also means that the Cabinet decisions bind all cabinet ministers and other ministers) even if they differed in the cabinet meeting. It is the duty of every minister to stand by cabinet decisions and support them both within and outside the Parliament. If any minister disagrees with a cabinet decision and is not prepared to defend it, he must resign. Several ministers have resigned in the past owing to their differences with the cabinet. For example, Dr BR Ambedkar resigned because of his differences with his colleagues on the Hindu Code Bill in 1953. CD Deshmukh resigned due to his differences on the policy of reorganisation of states. Arif Mohammed resigned due to his opposition to the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986.

• The Poona Pact was an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi, representing the Indian National Congress, and B. R. Ambedkar, representing the Depressed Classes (now known as Scheduled Castes), on 24 September 1932. The agreement was reached after a prolonged and bitter debate between the two leaders over the issue of separate electorates for the Dalits.
• The British government had earlier proposed separate electorates for the Dalits, which would have given them their own separate electorate to elect their own representatives. Gandhi was opposed to this idea, as he believed that it would further divide the Hindu community along caste lines. He proposed a system of joint electorates, where members of all castes would vote together, and the Dalits would be given reserved seats in the legislature.
• The Poona Pact upheld the principle of joint electorates with reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes. This ensured that the Dalits would have representation in the legislature and a voice in the political process, while also ensuring that the Hindu community remained united. The Poona Pact was a significant moment in the history of Indian politics, as it marked a major victory for the Dalits and helped to bring about greater unity among the Indian people.
   

• The word ‘Lok Adalat’ means ‘People’s Court’. This system is based on Gandhian principles. It is one of the components of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) system.
• The Lok Adalat is a forum where the cases (or disputes) which are pending in a court or which are at pre-litigation stage (not yet brought before a court) are compromised or settled in an amicable manner.
• The first Lok Adalat camp in the post-independence era was organised in Gujarat in 1982.
• The institution of Lok Adalat has been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
• A Lok Adalat shall have jurisdiction to determine and to arrive at a compromise or settlement between the parties to a dispute in respect of:
  • any case pending before any court; or
  • any matter which is falling within the jurisdiction of any court and is not brought before such court.

• Large angular fragments cut deep into the underlying rocks, so all glaciated floors bear evidence of striation or scratching. The finer materials smooth and polish the rock surfaces and produce finely ground rock flour.
• The rate of erosion is determined by several factors such as the velocity of flow, gradient of the slope, the weight of the glacier, the temperature of the ice, and the valley's geological structure.

Pectin present in cell wall of plant cell is responsible for hardness of fruit coat. Polygalacturonase is induced into the fruit that degrade the pectin and soften the fruit.

The President often writes to the Prime Minister and expresses his views on matters confronting the country. Here, the PM is bound to share the information that the President has called for.
In doing so, the President exercises his situational discretion.

The Narmada River is referred to as the "Lifeline of Madhya Pradesh" for numerous reasons:

• Geographical Importance: The Narmada is the fifth largest river in India. It flows through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, but the majority of its basin is located in Madhya Pradesh, making it an incredibly important geographical feature of the state.
• Economic Significance: The river plays a critical role in the state's economy. It provides water for irrigation, and several dams have been built across the river, including the Indira Sagar Dam and the Sardar Sarovar Dam, which generate hydroelectric power.
• Social and Cultural Significance: The Narmada River holds important religious and cultural significance for the people of Madhya Pradesh. It is considered one of the seven sacred rivers of India, and its banks are dotted with numerous temples, attracting pilgrims from all over the country.
• Biodiversity: The river and its basin support a rich variety of flora and fauna. The riverine ecosystem is home to a variety of fish species, while the forests around the basin harbor diverse wildlife, including several endangered species.
• Water Supply: The Narmada River is a major source of drinking water for many cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh. It also provides water for industrial use.

• Types of Community: Based on size and degree of relatively independent communities may be divided into two types: Major Community:-These are large-sized, well organized and relatively independent. They depend only on the sun’s energy from one side and are independent of the inputs and outputs from adjacent communities. Minor Communities:- These are dependent on neighbouring communities and are often called societies.
• They are secondary aggregations within a major community and are not therefore completely independent units as far as energy and nutrient dynamics are concerned. e.g: A mat of lichen on a cow dung pad.

The Constituent Assembly had 11 sessions over two years, 11 months and 18 days. The Constitution makers had gone through the constitutions of about 60 countries, and the Draft Constitution was considered for 114 days. The final draft of the Indian Constitution was passed and adopted on 26 th November 1949.

Bharthari folk song is sung in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh in the memory of Raja Bharthari.

Blue baby syndrome:

• It is believed to be caused by high nitrate contamination in groundwater resulting in the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in babies leading to death.
• The groundwater is thought to be contaminated by the leaching of nitrate generated from fertilizer used in agricultural lands and waste dumps.
• It may also be related to some pesticides (DDT, PCBs, etc), which cause ecotoxicological problems in the food chains of living organisms, increasing BOD, which kills aquatic animals.

• In this practice a patch of land is cleared, vegetation is burned and the ash is mixed with the soil thus adding nutrients to the soil.
• This patch of land is used for raising crops for two to three years, and the yield is modest. Then this area is abandoned and is left to recover its fertility, and the same practice is repeated elsewhere on a fresh piece of land.

Article 143 authorises the President to seek an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court in the two categories of matters-(a) matters of public importance (b) of any question arising out of pre-constitution, treaty, agreement, engagement, sanad or other similar instruments. Also, Art 144 states that all authorities civil and judicial in the territory of India shall act in aid of the Supreme Court.

Sabalgarh fort is located in Morena district.The fort was constructed during Scindia period by Gopal Singh, the Raja of Karoli.

Bagasse is another by-product of the sugar production process. It is a dry and pulpy residue left behind when sugarcane stalks are crushed. There is a similar material called ‘agave bagasse’ made from the agave plant. Bagasse is principally used in the manufacturing process of paper, pulp and building materials as well as a biofuel for the production of energy, heat and electricity.
Typically, dried bagasse is chemically made up of:

• 45-55% Cellulose
• 20-25% Hemicellulose
• 18-24% Lignin
• 1-4% Ash
• <1% Waxes

Statement 1: The  Central  Bureau  of  Investigation  (CBI)  was  set  up  in  1963  by  a resolution  of  the  Ministry  of  Home  Affairs.  Later,  it  was  transferred  to the  Ministry  of  Personnel  and  now  it enjoys  the  status  of  an  attached  office. The Special Police Establishment (which looked into vigilance cases) setup in 1941 was also merged with the CBI.
Hence Statement 1 Is Incorrect
Statement 2: The  Director  of  CBI  as  Inspector-General  of  Police,  Delhi  Special  Police Establishment,  is  responsible  for  the  administration  of  the  organisation.  With the enactment of CVC Act, 2003, the superintendence of Delhi Special Police Establishment  vests  with  the  Central  Government  save  investigations  of offences  under  the  Prevention  of  Corruption  Act,  1988,  in  which,  the superintendence  vests  with  the  Central  Vigilance  Commission.  The  Director of  CBI  has  been  provided  security  of  two-year  tenure  in  office  by  the  CVC Act, 2003.
Hence Statement 2 is Correct

The last ruler of the Chandela dynasty was 'Parmardi Dev', whose commander was 'Alha-udal'. The entire region of present day Madhya Pradesh came under the Mughal Empire during the period 1156 - 1605 AD.

It is introduced in the Parliament to draw the attention of the House to a definite matter of urgent public importance, and needs the support of 50 members to be admitted. As it interrupts the normal business of the House, it is regarded as an extraordinary device. It involves an element of censure against the government and hence Rajya Sabha is not permitted to make use of this device. The discussion on an adjournment motion should last for not less than two hours and thirty minutes.

The release of toxic haemozoin by the ruptured RBCs during malarial infection accounts for the recurrence of high fever and chill every 3-4 days.

• In 1639, Francis Dey obtained the site of Madras from the Raja of Chandragiri with permission to build a fortified factory, which was named Fort St. George. 
• The East India Company’s original trading station in south India was at Masulipatam, established in 1611. 
• It was moved to Madras, where permission to build a fort was obtained from the raja of Chandragiri in 1639, mainly because it was nearer the weaving centres from which the company obtained goods for export to Persia and the East Indies.

Additional information

• The Raja Mahal Palace is now an archaeological museum. The fort and palace are in the care of the Archaeological Survey of India. The palace is open to the public, but the fort is closed. The palace is an example of Indo-Saracenic architecture of the Vijayanagara period. 
• The palace was constructed using stone, brick, lime mortar and devoid of timber. The crowning towers represent the Hindu architectural elements.

1. Inept leadership
2. Defective nature of the state
3. Loose political set-up
4. Inferior military system
5. Unstable economic policy
6. Superior English diplomacy and espionage’
7. Progressive English outlook

Emperor Ashoka the Great lived from 304 to 232 BCE and was the third ruler of the Indian Mauryan Empire. One of them was the Mauryan Empire. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, the Mauryan Empire was an important dynasty in our history.

Black soil becomes sticky when wet. It is deficient in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and organic matter and rich in Iron, lime, calcium, potassium, aluminium and magnesium. Generally, black soil is found in the central, western and southern states of India.

In August 2016, the ECI had brought changes in Paragraph 6C of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order 1968 to review the status of political parties every 10 years, instead of the present norm of five years.

• For instance, the status of a party (either national or state party) that did not perform up to the required criteria in the 2014 election will be reviewed in 2024.

Learning: Recognition as a national or a State party ensures that the election symbol of that party is not used by any other political entity in polls across India.

• Other registered but unrecognised political parties have to choose from a pool of ‘free symbols’ announced by the commission from time to time.
• Besides, these parties get land or buildings from the government to set up their party offices. They can have up to 40 ‘star campaigners’ during electioneering. Others can have up to 20 ‘star campaigners’.

The First Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh
The title of the First Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh is held by Ravi Shankar Shukla. Here is some detailed information about him:

• Term of Office: Ravi Shankar Shukla served as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 1 November 1956 to 31 December 1956. Though his term was short, his role was significant in the formation of Madhya Pradesh.
• Political Career: Shukla was a prominent Indian National Congress (INC) leader. He played a key role in the Indian Independence Movement and later held several important political positions
• Contributions: Besides his role as Chief Minister, Shukla also served as a Minister in the Indian Government. He held portfolios such as Communications, Home, Finance, and External Affairs at different times.
• Legacy: Despite his short tenure, Shukla's contribution to the political landscape of Madhya Pradesh and India as a whole is noteworthy. His legacy continues to influence the state's political dynamics.

• Sir Charles Napier replaced Major James Outram as the British resident of Sindh.
• Sir James Outram was an English general and political officer in India.

Hence, the correct answer is 'B'

• Contempt of court may be civil or criminal.
• Civil contempt means wilful disobedience to any judgement, order, writ or other process of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court.
• Criminal contempt means the publication of any matter or doing an act which—(i) scandalises or lowers the authority of a court; or (ii) prejudices or interferes with the due course of a judicial proceeding; or (iii) interferes or obstructs the administration of justice in any other manner.
• The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, very clearly states that fair criticism of any case which has been heard and decided is not contempt.

Based on light penetration and plant distribution, aquatic ecosystems are classified as photic and aphotic zones
Photic zone: Photic zone (euphotic zone, epipelagic zone) is the uppermost layer of the ocean that receives sunlight, enabling it to perform photosynthesis. It undergoes a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that supply nutrients into the upper water column. So, statement 1 is not correct.
The photic zone is home to the majority of marine life, due to its location. Ninety per cent of marine life lives in the photic zone, which is approximately two hundred meters deep. This includes phytoplankton (plants), including dinoflagellates, diatoms, cyanobacteria, and zooplankton, which are known as the consumers in the photic zone. Both photosynthesis and respiration activities take place in this zone. So, statement 2 is correct.
Aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. The aphotic zone is positioned below the littoral and photic zones to the bottom of the lake, where light levels are too low for photosynthesis. Respiration occurs at all depths, so the aphotic zone is a region of oxygen consumption. Only respiration activities take place this deep, the unlit region is also known as the profundal zone.
Therefore, the correct answer is (b).