MCQ Test: Networking Software & Hardware - 1 Regulatory Body Exams Computer

In a computer keyboard, the Alt (Alternate), Ctrl (Control), Shift, Del (Delete), and Insert keys are commonly referred to as special purpose keys. These keys have specific functions and are often used in combination with other keys to perform various operations.

• The Alt key is used to access alternate characters or commands in conjunction with other keys. For example, pressing Alt + F4 is commonly used to close a program.
• The Ctrl key is used as a modifier key to perform various keyboard shortcuts. For example, Ctrl + C is commonly used to copy selected text or files.
• The Shift key is used to type uppercase letters and access symbols on the keyboard. Holding down the Shift key while pressing a letter key will result in a capitalized letter.
• The Del (Delete) key is used to delete characters or objects in front of the cursor. It is often used to remove selected files or text.
• The Insert key is used to control the text insertion mode. In insert mode, new characters are inserted at the cursor position, pushing existing text to the right. In overtype mode, new characters replace existing text at the cursor position.

These keys are considered special purpose keys because they have specific functions and are distinct from the standard alphanumeric keys on a keyboard.

An access point is a network hardware device that allows devices to connect wirelessly to a home network. It acts as a central hub for wireless communication and provides a bridge between wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets, and the wired network infrastructure, such as routers and modems. Access points typically connect to the router or modem to enable wireless connectivity within the network.

The other options mentioned are not specifically related to home network hardware:

B. NIC Card (Network Interface Card): This refers to a hardware component installed in a computer that allows it to connect to a network. It is not exclusive to home networks and can be found in various devices, including desktops, laptops, and servers.

C. Analog Modem: Analog modems are used to connect to the internet using a telephone line. While they were popular in the past, they are now less commonly used as most internet connections have shifted to digital technologies like DSL or cable.

D. FireWire: FireWire, also known as IEEE 1394, is a high-speed interface used to connect devices like computers, external hard drives, or digital cameras. While it can be used for networking purposes, it is not typically associated with home networks and is more commonly used for data transfer between devices.

Flash Memory:

• Flash memory is a non-volatile memory chip used for storage and for transfering data between a personal computer (PC) and digital devices.
• It can be electronically reprogrammed and erased.
• It is often found in USB flash drives, MP3 players, digital cameras and solid-state drives.

ROM:

• ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
• In ROM we can only read but cannot write on it. It is non-volatile in nature. The information is stored permanently in such memories during manufacture.
• A ROM stores such instructions that are required to start a computer. This is known as bootstrap.
• ROM chips are not only used in the computer but also in other electronic items like washing machine and microwave oven.

SRAM:

• Static Random Access Memory is a type of RAM that holds data in a static form, that is, as long as the memory has power.
• It does not need to be refreshed.

DRAM:

• DRAM is a type of RAM that stores each bit of data on a separate capacitor.
• It is the efficient way to store data in memory, because it requires less physical space to store the same amount of data than if it was stored statically.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e ROM

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):

• TCP (Transmission control protocol) is a connection-oriented reliable transport protocol.
• It provides a process to process communications using port numbers.
•  It provides services like flow control, error control, congestion control. A packet that is sent is known as a segment in TCP.
• In TCP, transmission requires three phases: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination. It uses three-way handshaking mechanism for connection establishment and termination.

Important Points
[Various Protocols and the layers on which they work in TCP/IP model is shown:

The correct unit used to count the speed of a printer is C. PPM (pages per minute). PPM measures the number of pages a printer can produce in one minute.

DPI (dots per inch) is a unit used to measure the resolution or print quality of an image or document. It represents the number of dots or pixels that can be printed per inch.

CPM (characters per minute) is a unit used to measure the speed of typewriters or old dot matrix printers in terms of characters typed or printed in one minute.

BIT is a unit of data storage and not specifically used to measure printer speed.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. PPM.

The Tab key is commonly used to add indentation to a paragraph in various text editing software and word processors. By pressing the Tab key, the cursor is moved a set distance to the right, creating an indentation. This is useful for organizing and visually separating content within a document.

MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. It is a technology used in the banking industry for processing checks. MICR uses special magnetic ink and a specific font to print numbers and characters on the bottom of checks. These characters are then read by MICR readers or scanners, which can quickly and accurately interpret the information, such as the bank's routing number, account number, and check number, for automated processing.

A. Power Supply box

The power supply box is typically located inside the CPU casing. It provides the necessary electrical power to the various components of the computer, including the motherboard, processor, memory, and other peripherals. It is an essential hardware component found within the CPU casing, so it does not fit the criteria of being something you usually can't find inside a CPU casing.

B. Video card

A video card, also known as a graphics card, is a hardware component that is often found inside the CPU casing. It is responsible for generating and rendering images, videos, and graphics on the computer's display. Modern computers often come with dedicated video cards to handle graphics processing, gaming, and other visually intensive tasks.

C. Video display unit

The video display unit refers to the monitor or screen that is used to display the output from the computer. It is an external hardware component that is connected to the computer's video output port. While it is not physically located inside the CPU casing, it is an essential part of the overall computer setup.

D. Graphics processor

A graphics processor, also known as a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), is a hardware component that is typically found inside the CPU casing. It is responsible for performing calculations and rendering images, videos, and graphics. GPUs are commonly found on video cards but can also be integrated into the CPU itself in some cases.

In summary, the correct answer is C. Video display unit, as it is an external component and not physically located inside the CPU casing.

A teletypewriter terminal, often referred to as a teletype or TTY, is a device that can both receive input from a user and provide output. It is used to send and receive typed messages over a communication network. The user can input text by typing on the keyboard, and the terminal displays the received messages as output on paper or a screen.

Therefore, a teletypewriter terminal falls under the category of input/output devices since it facilitates both input and output functions.

A supercomputer is a high-performance computing system capable of executing a vast number of instructions per second. They are specifically designed to handle complex calculations and process large amounts of data at incredibly fast speeds. Supercomputers are used in various fields, such as scientific research, weather forecasting, simulations, and cryptography, where massive computational power is required.

While personal computers, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and automobiles are not typically capable of performing quadrillions of instructions per second, supercomputers are specifically designed and optimized for such high-performance computing tasks.

The answer is E. All of these.

All the devices mentioned in the options can be used to give input as well as display output. Let's go through each option:

A. Headsets: While headsets are primarily used for audio output, they can also include a microphone for audio input, allowing users to give voice commands or participate in audio communication.

B. Touchscreen: Touchscreens are input devices that allow users to interact with a display by touching the screen directly. They can be used to both provide input through touch and display output by showing visual information.

C. Facsimile (Fax): Fax machines, also known as facsimile machines, can both receive and send documents. They receive documents as input and display received documents as output, usually through a printed copy.

D. Audio cards: Audio cards, or sound cards, are primarily responsible for audio output, providing sound to speakers or headphones. However, they can also be used to take input from microphones for recording audio.

Therefore, all of these devices can be used to both give input and display output in various forms.

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is a firmware that is stored on a computer's motherboard. BIOS is responsible for initializing hardware components during the boot process and providing the computer with the necessary instructions to start the operating system.

The BIOS performs essential functions, such as performing a Power-On Self Test (POST), detecting and initializing hardware devices, loading the bootloader, and providing a basic interface for configuring system settings. It acts as an interface between the computer's hardware and software, allowing the operating system to communicate with the hardware components.

Therefore, the correct answer is E. Basic Input/Output System.

The Program Counter is a special-purpose register in the CPU that holds the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed. It gets updated after each instruction is fetched, indicating the address from which the next instruction will be fetched.

Application software refers to software programs that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications for users. It is a type of software that is separate from the operating system and is intended to meet specific user needs or solve specific problems.

Examples of application software include word processors, web browsers, spreadsheet programs, graphics editors, video players, and communication applications like email clients and messaging apps. These software programs are created to enable users to perform specific tasks efficiently and effectively.

Therefore, the correct answer is E. Application software.

• A file server is used to manage files on a server where it can be uploaded, shared or downloaded by other available systems which are connected to that network.
• It is a central server on a computer network that enables connected clients to access the server’s storage capacities.
• File servers offer users a central storage place for files on internal data media, which is available to all approved clients.
•  The server administrator defines strict guidelines regarding which client have access rights -
  • For example, the design or file authorizations of the particular file system empower the administrator to set which files can be seen and opened by a specific client or client group and whether information must be seen or added altered, or erased. 
• With file servers connected with the web and designed appropriately, clients can't just access the files through the neighborhood organization but also benefit from remote access. 
• This enables files to be accessed and saved on the file server even when users are on the go.
• All modern operating systems such as Windows, Linux, or macOS can be used on a file server, although the devices available in the network need to be compatible with the operating system.

A hard disk in a computer is a type of permanent magnetic storage. It is a non-volatile storage device that is used for long-term data storage. Hard disks use magnetism to store and retrieve digital information on rapidly rotating magnetic disks called platters.

The data on a hard disk remains intact even when the power is turned off, making it a permanent storage solution. It allows users to store large amounts of data, including the operating system, applications, files, and documents.

Temporary magnetic storage typically refers to volatile memory like Random Access Memory (RAM), which is used for temporary storage during the computer's operation but does not retain data when the power is turned off.

High capacity optical disk storage and high capacity CD-ROM refer to different types of optical storage media, such as Blu-ray discs and CD-ROMs, which use optical technology for data storage. These are not specifically related to hard disks.

Therefore, the correct answer is B. Permanent magnetic storage.

Concept:

The data flow between the two devices can be in simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex modes.

Simplex: In Simplex, communication is unidirectional. Only one of the devices sends the data and the other one only receives the data.

Example: A CPU sends data while a monitor only receives data.

Half-Duplex: In half-duplex both the stations can transmit as well as receive but not at the same time. When one device is sending others can only receive and vice-versa

Example: A walkie-talkie.

Full Duplex: In Full-duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive at the same time.

Example: Mobile phones

Application:

• RS-232 is a bi-directional (Full duplex) point to point communication link.
• Two independent channels are established for two-way (Full-Duplex) communication.
• This can be better understood with the following diagram:

• To provide centralized access to the network a hub device is used
• Hub is a node that broadcasts data to every computer connected to it.
• Hub is used in the star topology
• Mesh, ring, bus topologies don't need hubs
• The network nodes connect to ports in the hub via a cable such as UTP or coaxial.

CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. It refers to the use of computer software and systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of designs for various fields such as architecture, engineering, manufacturing, and product development.

CAD software allows designers and engineers to create and manipulate 2D and 3D models of objects, simulate their behavior, perform calculations, and generate documentation. It provides tools for precise drafting, visualization, and collaboration, enhancing the design process and enabling more efficient and accurate design work.

Therefore, the correct answer is D. Computer Aided Design.

The interrupt register is checked after finishing the execution of the current instruction. At this time, a CPU generally handles an interrupt by the execution of an interrupt service routine.