MCQ Test: History of Computers - 1 - JKSSB Patwari MCQ

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) is considered the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was developed during World War II (1943-1945) at the University of Pennsylvania by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. ENIAC was used to perform calculations for military purposes, such as artillery trajectory calculations. It was a massive machine, weighing about 30 tons and occupying a large room.

Apple introduced the first commercially successful microcomputer with its release of the Apple II in 1977. The Apple II featured a built-in keyboard, color graphics, and a floppy disk drive, making it more accessible to the general public. Its success paved the way for the personal computer revolution and established Apple as a prominent player in the computer industry.

The Altair 8800, released in 1975 by MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), is often considered the first commercially successful personal computer. It was a kit computer that required assembly and was based on the Intel 8080 microprocessor. The Altair 8800 gained popularity among hobbyists and computer enthusiasts, marking a significant milestone in the history of personal computers.

Konrad Zuse, a German engineer, is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer called the Z3 in 1941. It was the world's first fully automated, programmable computer.

TRADIC (Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer) was the first computer to use transistors instead of vacuum tubes. It was developed by the US Air Force in the late 1950s and was designed for use in aircraft.

The integrated circuit, also known as the microchip, was independently invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in the late 1950s. Their inventions paved the way for the development of modern computers and other electronic devices.

Grace Hopper, a pioneering computer scientist, developed COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) in the late 1950s. COBOL was designed for business applications and is still used today in many legacy systems.

The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was the first commercially successful computer. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in the early 1950s and was primarily used for scientific and business applications.

The first personal computer, known as the Apple I, was introduced by Apple Inc. in 1976. It was designed and built by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs and marked the beginning of the PC revolution.

Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 while working at CERN. He developed the HTTP protocol and HTML markup language, which revolutionized the way information is shared and accessed on the internet.

Mosaic was the first widely used graphical web browser, developed by a team led by Marc Andreessen at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). It was released in 1993 and played a crucial role in popularizing the World Wide Web.

Nokia introduced the first smartphone called the Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996. It was a combination of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA) and set the stage for the modern smartphones we use today.

Cloud computing refers to the practice of storing and accessing data and applications over the internet instead of on local physical servers or personal devices. It allows for scalability, flexibility, and remote access to resources.

The first computer virus, called the Creeper virus, was created in 1971 by Bob Thomas. It was a self-replicating program that displayed the message "I'm the creeper, catch me if you can!" on infected mainframe computers.

Claude Shannon, an American mathematician and electrical engineer, introduced the concept of a "bit" in his groundbreaking paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" published in 1948. The bit represents the basic unit of information in computing.

Moore's Law, named after Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, leading to a doubling of processor speed. This observation has guided the development of the semiconductor industry for several decades.

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was primarily used for military calculations during World War II. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly and played a significant role in ballistic calculations for the US Army.

Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1964 while working at the Stanford Research Institute. His design incorporated a small device with two perpendicular wheels that allowed users to control a graphical user interface on a computer screen.

The Xerox Alto, developed at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the 1970s, introduced the concept of the graphical user interface (GUI). It featured a mouse-driven interface, windows, icons, and menus, which are now commonly used in modern computer systems. Although the Alto was not a commercial success, its ideas heavily influenced the development of subsequent computer systems like the Apple Lisa and Macintosh.

Vint Cerf, along with Bob Kahn, is often referred to as the "Father of the Internet" for their pioneering work on the development of the TCP/IP protocol, which forms the foundation of the modern internet. Their contributions in the 1970s enabled the creation of a global network of interconnected computers, revolutionizing communication and information exchange worldwide.