MCQ Test: History of Computers - 2 - JKSSB Patwari MCQ

Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician, is widely regarded as the first computer programmer. In the 1840s, she collaborated with Charles Babbage on his Analytical Engine and wrote the first algorithm intended to be processed by a machine.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic digital computer. It was developed during World War II and was primarily used for military calculations.

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) introduced the concept of a stored program. Proposed by John von Neumann, it stored both instructions and data in the computer's memory, revolutionizing how computers are programmed.

• Charles Babbage is considered the "father of modern computers" due to his pioneering work in conceptualizing the first mechanical computer.
• His designs for the Analytical Engine, developed in the 1830s, laid the groundwork for future computers with essential concepts like a stored program and separate data processing unit.
• Though the machine was never completed in his lifetime, Babbage's ideas influenced later computer science developments.
• His work was ahead of its time, setting the foundation for modern computing.


 

The Intel 4004, the first commercially available microprocessor, was released in 1971. It marked a significant advancement in computer technology by integrating the central processing unit (CPU) onto a single chip.

Xerox Corporation was the first company to introduce a personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). Their Xerox Alto, developed in the 1970s, featured icons, windows, and a mouse for user interaction.

EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was the first computer to be based on the von Neumann architecture. It utilized stored programs and a binary system, paving the way for modern computer design.

The concept of virtual memory, which allows a computer to use secondary storage as an extension of its primary memory, was first introduced in the 1970s. It greatly enhances a computer's ability to run larger programs.

ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the first computer network that eventually evolved into the internet, was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the United States.

Mosaic, developed in 1993, was the first web browser to display images alongside text. It played a crucial role in popularizing the World Wide Web and paving the way for multimedia-rich browsing experiences.

Toy Story, released in 1995, was the first computer-animated feature film. Produced by Pixar Animation Studios and directed by John Lasseter, it marked a significant milestone in the use of computer graphics in filmmaking.

Osborne 1, introduced in 1981, was the first commercially successful portable computer. It featured a built-in monitor and floppy drives, making it a popular choice for business professionals on the go.

Deep Blue, developed by IBM, defeated the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match in 1997, marking the first time a computer defeated a reigning world chess champion in a match.

The Xerox Alto, developed in the 1970s, was the first computer to use a graphical user interface (GUI). Although not commercially successful, it influenced the development of subsequent GUI-based systems.

The NeXT Computer, introduced by Steve Jobs's company NeXT Inc. in 1988, was the first computer to include a CD-ROM drive as a standard component. This allowed for high-capacity storage and multimedia capabilities.

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was developed during the 1940s at the University of Pennsylvania. It was the world's first general-purpose electronic digital computer and was used primarily for calculations related to military artillery.

The Creeper virus was developed in the early 1970s and infected computers running the Unix operating system. It was a self-replicating program that displayed the message "I'm the creeper, catch me if you can!" and then moved to other connected computers.

The IBM PC (IBM Personal Computer) was the first widely successful personal computer. It was introduced by IBM in 1981 and set the standard for the modern personal computer industry.

The Lisa, introduced by Apple in 1984, was the first successful personal computer to feature a graphical user interface (GUI). It paved the way for future GUI-based operating systems like Macintosh System Software and Microsoft Windows.

Fortran (Formula Translation) is a programming language primarily used for scientific and engineering applications. It was developed in the 1950s and continues to be widely used in fields that require numerical computations and simulations.