What role do Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) play in technological innovation and R&D investment?

They have a limited capacity for R&D investment.

They mainly focus on small-scale innovation projects.

They often benefit from economies of scale and scope and have a stronger financial capacity for innovation.

They rely solely on local firms for building innovation networks.

What does the 2012 EU Industrial R&D Scoreboard reveal about R&D investment?

Small and local firms dominate R&D investment.

R&D investment is spread evenly across all industries.

The top 1500 companies account for over 50% of the world’s total R&D expenditure.

R&D investment is primarily concentrated in emerging markets.

How is innovation in MNEs evolving in terms of organizational structure?

It is becoming more centralized and hierarchical.

It is shifting towards a network of geographically dispersed innovation centers.

MNEs are eliminating all global R&D labs.

Innovation in MNEs is becoming exclusively subsidiary-driven.

What does the term "open innovation" refer to in the context of MNEs?

MNEs only rely on their internal resources for innovation.

MNEs exclusively collaborate with domestic firms for innovation.

MNEs actively seek external sources of knowledge for innovation.

MNEs avoid any form of collaboration for innovation.

What is one of the motivations behind the globalization of corporate innovation?

Reducing the size of MNEs for better efficiency.

Focusing solely on demand-seeking investments.

Integrating and leveraging resources from different locations.

Eliminating R&D centers in emerging countries.

How are affiliates of MNEs contributing to global innovation networks?

They primarily focus on incremental innovations.

They have no involvement in innovation activities.

They engage in basic research and multi-technology product development.

They act as coordinating centers for core R&D units.

What role do spillovers play in the context of MNEs and innovation?

They hinder domestic firms' productivity.

They only relate to technology diffusion.

They involve knowledge transfer from MNEs to local firms.

They exclusively occur through equity relationships.

What is the primary impact of attracting the R&D activity of MNEs for a country?

It only benefits multinational affiliates.

It results in a decrease in domestic innovation.

It has no significant impact on productivity.

It can lead to indirect effects and productivity improvements.

What trend has been observed regarding the location of new R&D centers established by MNEs?

They are exclusively located in developed countries.

They are primarily established in the country of origin.

They are increasingly established in emerging countries.

They have no correlation with globalization.

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