Test: Reproduction in Organisms - 1 (Old NCERT) - JAMB MCQ

• A plant having both reproductive organs in the same plant is known as monoecious plant. It may also be known as homothallic conditions.
• Dioecious plants are those which have only one reproductive organ, also known as unisexual plants. Another word for dioecious plants is heterothallic.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 11 of topic “1.2.1 Pre-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.

• Bryophyllum plants grow in marshy areas where seeds are not able to germinate.
• While the leaves are still linked to the branch, the plants can propagate vegetatively.
• This plant's leaves undergo mitosis and reproduce asexually in the form of plantlets that cover the edges of each leaf.
• When these plantlets mature, they fall off and grow into new plants when they come into contact with fertile soils.

Fig: Bryophyllum pinnatum
Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 8 of topic “1.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Gametogenesis refers to the formation of the gametes.
• In sexual reproduction formation of gametes is very important since offspring is formed only after the fusion of the gametes.
• Gamete transfer refers to bringing the 2 gametes together.

Hence, the correct option is A.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 10 of topic "1.2.1 Pre-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.

• In viviparous, since zygote development takes place inside the female body, they are in a protected environment.
• Unlike the oviparous animals, which are vulnerable. The chances of oviparous animals to survive is low.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 16 of topic “1.2.3 Post-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.

The period from birth to natural death of an organism is known as its life span. It varies from a few years to a thousand years, depending on the organism.
Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 3 of chapter 1.

• Life cycle of organism’s starts from growth and development followed by the reproductive phase.
• After that senescence phase starts in which degenerative changes start which is generally irreversible and leads to death of organisms.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 10 of topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Ovaries develop into fruits which further develop a thick wall covering called the pericarp.
• The major function of the pericarp is protection. After fertilization all flower parts wither and fall off.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 16 of topic “1.2.3 Post-fertilisation Events “ of chapter 1.

• Since drones are developed without fertilization of egg, they are developed by parthenogenesis.
• The male honey bees are called drones. Drones are produced through parthenogenesis, which occurs when an egg is not fertilised.
• Queen and worker honey bees are developed by fertilization of egg.

Fig: Parthenogenesis in Bees
Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 14 of topic “1.2.2 Fertilisation” of chapter 1.

• The general term for the period of growth is known as juvenile phase.
• In plants it is known as the vegetative phase.
• The end of the juvenile phase marks the beginning of the reproductive phase.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 8 and 9 of topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Senescence is the loss of functional features in living organisms over time.
• The metabolic processes of organisms start slowing down in this process leading to wear and tear of vital body organs.
• Nutrition does not affect the process of senescence.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 10 of topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

During vegetative propagation, new organisms are formed by single plant parts. So, new individuals are genetically similar to each other and there is no genetic variation.

Fig: Vegetative propagation in different parts of plants
Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 7 of topic “1.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Asexual mode of reproduction in yeast takes place by budding process in which small outgrowth develops on tips followed by karyokinesis.
• Same process is repeated several times to form a chain of yeast cells.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 5 of topic “1.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• The male and female reproductive parts of the flower are stamen and carpel.
• If both stamen and pistil are present in the same flower, the flower is called monoecious.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 11 of topic “1.2.1 Pre-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.

• In Viviparous, a well developed young one is produced by a female at the end of gestation period. 
• In viviparous organisms, the chances of young ones surviving are higher due to effective embryonic care and protection.
• There is no fear of predators in the outer elements of the environment as in case of oviparous in which a young one comes out of the egg.
• Viviparous mode of development is not influenced by adverse environmental conditions.

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 16 of topic “1.2.3 Post-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.

Since there is no fertilization, there is no crossing over of genes, hence the genotype is retained throughout generations in parthenogenesis. This means no variety in the population.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 14 of topic “1.2.2 Fertilisation” of chapter 1.

• Syngamy is the process of fertilization that produces a diploid cell on the fusion of two haploid cells. It is also often called internal fertilization since the process takes place on the inside. For example in humans.
• However, there are few species of organisms where syngamy occurs outside their bodies, in an external medium. Example, algae, fishes, amphibians, etc. This is also called as external fertilization.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 14 of topic “1.2.2 Fertilisation” of chapter 1.

• Sexual reproduction in mammals involves cyclic changes in the ovaries, accessory glands and the reproductive hormones during which ovum is released.
• In non-primates animals, it is called oestrus cycle and in primates including human beings it is called menstrual cycle.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 9 of topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1

• Water hyacinth is a water weed that grows on still water. It drains out all the oxygen from the water bodies which is extremely fatal for marine organisms. It is very difficult to get rid of them because even if leave behind a single bud, it will start multiplying at a great speed.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 8 of topic “1.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Adventitious buds arise from the margin of the leaves in Bryophyllum.
• Those buds give rise to new plants that fall of when they are capable enough to grow on their own.
• This unique ability has been exploited by gardeners and farmers.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 8 of topic “1.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• During sexual reproduction male and female gametes are fused together to form zygote.
• The gene from two different sources mix together and develops some new features in new progeny.  
• Variation among individuals (in a population) due to crossing over and recombination during gamete formation by meiosis.
• The new traits help the organisms to survive in adverse conditions also.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Refer topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Vegetative propagation is asexual reproduction from various parts in plants.
• In plants, such as sugarcane and ginger, the appearance of vegetative propagules from nodes is because of the presence of meristematic cells in them.
• Meristematic cells have the ability to divide to form new cells which can differentiate and give rise to permanent tissues.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 7 of topic “1.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Dioecious organisms are those in which male and female parts are present on different organisms whereas monoecious organisms are those in which male and female parts are present on the same organism.
• Monoecious organisms are also called as hermaphrodites. Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals. Papaya, date palm and most of the animals are dioecious.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 11 of topic “1.2.1 Pre-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.

The correct answer is:

a) (b) & (d)

• (b) Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are stationary. Unlike sperm, which are motile, eggs in both angiosperms and humans are not motile and are stationary.
• (d) Syngamy in both results in the formation of a zygote. In both angiosperms and humans, the fusion of the egg with sperm (syngamy) leads to the formation of a zygote.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 9 of topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

Sequence of events in reproduction in flowers:

1. Pollination - It is the process by which pollen is transferred from anther to stigma.
2. Fertilization -It is the process of fusion of male and female gametes. Once the pollen tube enters into synergid cells, male gametes are released. One of male gametes fuses with the egg and forms diploid cell zygote and this is called syngamy. Other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form endosperm and this is called triple fusion  because of fusion of three haploid nuclei. The whole process is called double fertilization.
3. Embryo formation - Development of embryo from zygote.
4. Seedling - Seed enclose embryo and covered by seed coat.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Refer topic “1.2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION” of chapter 1.

• Events in sexual reproduction after the fertilization are called post-fertilization events.
• After fertilization, a diploid zygote is formed in all sexually reproducing organisms.
• The process of development of an embryo from the zygote is called embryogenesis.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 15 of topic “1.2.3 Post-fertilisation Events” of chapter 1.