Test: Biomolecules - 2 - ACT MCQ

Some lipids have phosphorous and a phosphorylated organic compound in them. These are phospholipids. They are found in cell membrane.

The nucleotide has three chemically distinct components. One is a heterocyclic compound, the second is a monosaccharide and the third a phosphoric acid or phosphate.

A prosthetic group is a tightly covalently bound, specific non-polypeptide unit required for the biological function of some proteins. The prosthetic group may be organic (such as a vitamin, sugar, or lipid) or inorganic (such as a metal ion), but is not composed of amino acids.

Those metabolites that are formed during growth phase as a result of energy metabolism are called primary metabolites. They play a vital role in the growth, development and reproduction.
Hence the correct answer is "B"

Inulin is a starchy substance found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and other herbs. This polysaccharide is not metabolized in human body and used for kidney function.

The cell wall of fungi is made of chitin,complex sugar molecules. The cell wall of plants are made up of cellulose.

Nucleic acids carry hereditary information and are passed on from parental generation to progeny.

Amino acids usually exist in the form of zwitter ions. This means that they consist of the basic NH₃⁺ group and acidic COO^- group. Zwitter ion behaves like a polar molecule. There is no net charge on zwitter ion.

Guanine, cytosine and adenine are all nitrogenous bases that are found in nucleotides. These bases are essential components of DNA and RNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides. Guanine pairs with cytosine, and adenine pairs with either thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) through complementary base pairing.
Tyrosine, on the other hand, is an amino acid and not a component of nucleotides. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, while nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids.

A number of enzymes require metal ions for their activity which form coordination bonds with side chains at the active site and at the same time form one or more cordination bonds with the substrate, e.g., zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase.

• A nucleoside is made up of a nitrogenous base, which can be either a purine or a pyrimidine.
• It also contains a pentose sugar, which can be ribose or deoxyribose.
• When a nucleoside combines with a phosphate group, it becomes a nucleotide.
• A nucleoside does not have a phosphate group, so it does not produce phosphoric acid when it is broken down with water.

There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T pairing. There are three hydrogen bonds between G andC pairing. Each strand appears like a helical staircase.

Collagen is a fibrous protein. It is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in thevarious connective tissues. It is the most abundant protein in mammals.

The secondary structure of a protein refers to regular folding patterns of continuous portions of the polypeptide chain. It is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding interactions between the amino acid residues of the chain. The two most common types of secondary structure are alpha helices and beta sheets.

Zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase.

Enzymes are highly specific in their action on substrates. Each enzyme has a specific substrate or group of substrates with which it interacts and catalyses a particular chemical reaction. This specificity is due to the precise three-dimensional structure of the enzyme's active site, which complements the shape and chemical properties of the substrate.

Starch is a variant of this but present as a store house of energy in plant tissues.

There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins and all have the same basic structure, differing only in the R-group or side chain they have.

The amino acids are linked together one after the other by peptide bonds. This bond is formed between NH3 of one amino acids with carboxyl end of another amino acids to release water.

Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature and pH called the optimum temperature and optimum pH.

Cellulose is the most abundant organic molecule present on earth. Cellulose forms the cell wall of all plant cells. Cell wall is the outermost protective layer of cell.
OR
The most abundant organic compound on Earth is cellulose, which is made up of many, many glucose molecules all linked together.

Water is the most abundant chemical for the living organisms.

Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.

The most important form of energy currency in living systems is the bond energy in a chemical called ATP.

In yeast, during fermentation, the same pathway leads to the production of ethanol(alcohol).