Test: Human physiology- Excretory Products and their Elimination (September 24) - NEET MCQ

The urine formed by filtration of blood by kidney is stored in urinary bladder temporarily. Urinary bladder helps to void urine when disered.

Diabetes insipidus is rate variety of diabetes characterized by excessive thrust and excretion of large amount of urine. It is caused due to reduced secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin hormone.

The correct option is Option D.

The Distal Convoluted Tubule regulates pH by absorbing bicarbonate and secreting protons (H+) into the filtrate, or by absorbing protons and secreting bicarbonate into the filtrate. Sodium and potassium levels are controlled by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. Sodium absorption by the distal tubule is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.

If anemic person suffered from massive haemorrhage, the problem he may face includes, very low blood pressure, accumulation of wastes products in body and no glomerular filtration in kidney.

Sodium reabsorption occurs through tubular reabsorption in proximal and distal convoluted tubules only. The proximal convoluted tubule is involved in active reabsorption of sodium into the peritubular capillary network and passive flow of water flows. It accounts for 67% of sodium reabsorption. DCT reabsorption of sodium is also an active process but is under hormonal regulation i.e., conditional response. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

When both and kidney of a person get damaged and not able to filter the blood, dialysis is used to remove nitrogenous wastes. High wastes accumulation unable a woman to conceive. The ultimate solution to this problem is kidney transplant.

Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.

A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to releasereninwhich converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II.

The person suffering from chronic kidney disease are usually affected by anemia. The damage kidney is not able to secrete sufficient erythropoietin in blood that help in absorption of iron.

Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a nonapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus.

The renal vein takes blood away from the kidney. The process starts with renal artery which enters the kidney as afferent arteriole. It carries the urea loaded blood into the glomerulus of the kidney. The blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule and runs parallel to the loop of Henle. The urea is absorbed into the nephric filtrate by the process of tubular secretion in the loop of Henle, distal convulated tubule and collecting duct. The process of tubular secretion helps to secrete the urea from the blood to the collecting duct which is finally excreted in form of urine. The purified blood comes from the kidney through the renal vein and drained into vena cava outside kidney.
So, the correct answer is 'Renal vein'.

A person consuming large quantity of alcohol may develop polyuria, excessive production of urea and suffer from dehydration due to decrease in level of antiduretic hormone or vasopressin.

The excretory system in human consistsof a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, aurinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbarvertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity.

The correct option is Option A.

Renal threshold of a substance is its highest concentration in the blood, upto which it is totally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. Renal threshold of glucose is about 180 mg per 100 ml. It is totally reabsorbed and does not appear in the urine so long as its blood level does not exceed 180 mg. But when its blood level exceeds 180 mg, some of the filtered glucose is left unabsorbed in the tubules and consequently appears in the urine. Some substances which are either totally reabsorbed actively or most of their amounts are reabsorbed actively are called high threshold substances. High threshold substances are excreted in the urine only when their blood concentration is considerably high, for example glucose and amino acids.

Glycosuria is typically caused by an underlying condition that affects your blood sugar level, such as diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of glycosuria. If you have this condition, your body's insulin doesn't work properly in one of two ways.