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NEET Exam  >  NEET Test  >  Biology Class 11  >  Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - NEET MCQ

Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Free MCQ Practice Test


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 (20 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for NEET Biology Class 11 with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1". These 20 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of NEET 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 20 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 20

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Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 1
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Blood enters glomerular capillaries through _____ arteriole and leaves through _____ arteriole:

Detailed Solution: Question 1

The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries

  • Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole, a fine branch of the renal artery.
  • Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an efferent arteriole.

Detailed Explanation:

Option A is wrong because blood enters through the afferent arteriole and not the efferent. 

Option B is wrong because there is no such radial arteriole present. And, The collecting duct system is the last part of the nephron and participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). 

Option C is wrong because blood doesn't enter through distributing arteriole because no such arteriole is present. 

Option D is right because blood enters glomerular capillaries through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole. 

Hence Option D is correct. 

Topic in NCERT: NEPHRON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Line in NCERT: "Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole"

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 2
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The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic form among them?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

Uric acid is  less toxic than ammonia or urea. It contains four nitrogen atoms; only a small amount of water is needed for its excretion. Out of solute, it precipitates and forms crystals.

Detailed Explanation:

Option A is wrong because Urea moves to the blood and gets filtered and eliminated with water in urine via the kidneys.

Option B is correct Uric acid is insoluble in water as there are in solid form, thus, containing the least water.
In birds, uric acid mixes with undigested food to form the bird dropping.

Option C is wrong because Ammonia is very toxic and needs water for diffusion.

Option D is wrong because none of the above options has the same toxicity level. 

Hence Option B is correct.

Topic in NCERT: EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Line in NCERT: "Ammonia is the most toxic form and requires large amount of water for its elimination, whereas uric acid, being the least toxic, can be removed with a minimum loss of water."

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Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 3
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During micturition, the muscles of urinary bladder and urethral sphincters will

Detailed Solution: Question 3

During micturition, parasympathetic stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax. The external urethral sphincter (sphincter urethrae) is under somatic control and is consciously relaxed during micturition. 

Detailed Solution:

Option A is right because, during micturition, parasympathetic stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax.

Option B is wrong because the muscles of the urinary bladder contract and do not relax. 

Option C is wrong because during micturition, the muscles do not dialate.

Hence, the correct option is A. 

Topic in NCERT: MICTURITION

Line in NCERT: "the CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 4
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A renal corpuscle is :

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Renal corpuscle, also called malpighian body, filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney.
It consists of a knot of capillaries (glomerulus) surrounded by a double-walled capsule (Bowman’s capsule) that opens into a tubule.

Topic in NCERT: NEPHRON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Line in NCERT: "Glomerulus alongwith Bowman's capsule, is called the malpighian body or renal corpuscle."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 5
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pH of urine under healthy conditions is :

Detailed Solution: Question 5

the pH of Urine Under Healthy Conditions:

  • The pH of urine under healthy conditions is slightly acidic.
  • The normal pH range for human urine is between 4.5 and 8.0, with an average of around 6.0.
  • The acidity of urine is mainly due to the presence of various acidic waste products and hydrogen ions (H+) that are excreted by the kidneys.

In summary, under healthy conditions, the pH of urine is slightly acidic, helping the body eliminate acidic waste products and maintain an overall balanced pH. However, this can vary depending on factors such as diet, hydration, and medical conditions.

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 6
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The presence of ketone bodies is an indication of which of the following diseases?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

  • Analysis of urine helps in the clinical diagnosis of many metabolic disorders.
  • The presence of glucose or Glycosuria and ketone bodies or Ketonuria in urine is indicative of diabetes mellitus.

Topic in NCERT: FUNCTION OF THE TUBULES

Line in NCERT: Not Found

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 7
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The condition where urea accumulates in blood is: 

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of urea in blood, a condition called uremia

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 8
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Which of the following substances is not reabsorbed by renal Tubules?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

  • Globulins are not reabsorbed
  • .Substances like glucose, amino acids, Na+, etc., in the filtrate are reabsorbed actively

Topic in NCERT: Reabsorption in the Nephron

Line in NCERT: "substances like glucose, amino acids, Na*, etc., in the filtrate are reabsorbed actively whereas the nitrogenous wastes are absorbed by passive transport."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 9
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:

Detailed Solution: Question 9

JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact

Topic in NCERT: JUxta-glomerular Apparatus (JGA) and Regulation of GFR

Line in NCERT: "JGA, a specialised portion of the nephrons, plays a significant role in the regulation of GFR."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 10
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Which of the following is not accumulated by the body of living organisms?

Detailed Solution: Question 10

Oxygen is not accumulated by the body of living organisms as this is required by the cells to perform respiration. Also, it is not a waste product of the cells. Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water, and ions like Na+, K+, Cl–, phosphate, sulphate, etc., by certain metabolic activities.

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 11
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The epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule are called:

Detailed Solution: Question 11

  • The epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule called podocytes, which are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores.
  • Blood is filtered so finely through these membranes, that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule.

Ultrafiltration | BioNinja

Therefore, it is considered as a process of ultra filtration.

Topic in NCERT: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NEPHRONS

Line in NCERT: "The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 12
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All of the following organs help in excretion except :

Detailed Solution: Question 12

  • The heart is not involved in excretion. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs.
  • Lungs help in excretion of carbon dioxide
  • Liver helps in excretion of toxic substance
  • Skin helps in removal of extra salts along with sweat.

Hence, option C is correct.

Topic in NCERT: ROLE OF OTHER ORGANS IN EXCRETION

Line in NCERT: "Other than the kidneys, lungs, liver and skin also help in the elimination of excretory wastes."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 13
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Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is not permeable for :

Detailed Solution: Question 13

  • The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is not permeable to water (H2O). 
  • The loop of Henle is a U-shaped structure in the nephron of the kidney that plays a crucial role in the formation of urine. 
  • The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is responsible for reabsorbing ions like sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) from the filtrate, but it is impermeable to water.

Topic in NCERT: Henle's Loop

Line in NCERT: "Ascending limb of Henle's loop is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 14
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Conditional reabsorption of sodium ions and water takes place in

Detailed Solution: Question 14

  • Conditional reabsorption of sodium ions and water takes place in distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
  • DCT is also capable of reabsorption of HCO3 – and selective secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions and NH3 to maintain the pH and sodium-potassium balance in blood.

Fig: Reabsorption and secretion of major substances at different parts of the nephron (Arrows indicate direction of movement of materials.)

Topic in NCERT: Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Line in NCERT: "Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water takes place in this segment."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 15
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What activates osmoreceptors in the body?

Detailed Solution: Question 15

Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid volume, and ionic concentration.

  • Osmoreceptors are specialized cells that detect changes in the osmotic pressure or concentration of solutes in the blood. They are primarily sensitive to changes in blood volume, body fluid volume, and ionic concentration.
  • When there is a decrease in blood volume or an excessive loss of fluid from the body, the osmoreceptors are activated.
  • These changes in blood volume trigger a response in the hypothalamus, which then releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin. This hormone helps in water reabsorption from the latter parts of the tubules, preventing excessive urine formation and maintaining fluid balance in the body.

Therefore, changes in blood volume play a crucial role in activating osmoreceptors and regulating fluid levels in the body.

Topic in NCERT: REGULATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

Line in NCERT: "Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 16
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Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in?

Detailed Solution: Question 16

Reptiles, birds, land snails  excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water and are called uricotelic animals.

Topic in NCERT: EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Line in NCERT: "Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water and are called uricotelic animals."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 17
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Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus in response to excessive fluid loss from the body?

Detailed Solution: Question 17

Excessive fluid loss from the body can activate osmoreceptors, stimulating the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin, which facilitates water reabsorption in the tubules.

Topic in NCERT: REGULATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

Line in NCERT: "Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration. An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate these receptors which stimulate the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 18
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What effect does ADH have on the kidney function?

Detailed Solution: Question 18

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced. A high ADH level causes the body to produce less urine.

Topic in NCERT: REGULATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

Line in NCERT: "ADH facilitates water reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 19
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Which hormone is released by the JG cells in response to a fall in glomerular blood flow?

Detailed Solution: Question 19

  • When there is a decrease in glomerular blood flow, the JG (Juxtaglomerular) cells in the kidneys respond by releasing a hormone called renin.
  • Renin plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin mechanism. It converts angiotensinogen, a protein present in the blood, into angiotensin I, which is further converted to angiotensin II.
  • Angiotensin II acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, causing the blood vessels to narrow, which increases the glomerular blood pressure and subsequently the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  • The release of renin is part of a complex regulatory system that helps regulate blood pressure and maintain renal function.

Topic in NCERT: RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN MECHANISM

Line in NCERT: "The JG cells to release renin which converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II."

Test: Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 - Question 20
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During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete ______________ into the filtrate.

Detailed Solution: Question 20

  • During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like hydrogen ions, potassium ions and ammonia into the filtrate.
  • Hydrogen ions (H+) are secreted into the filtrate by the tubular cells as a means of regulating the pH of the urine. 
  • Potassium ions (K+) are also secreted into the filtrate, and their concentration is regulated to maintain a balance with sodium ions (Na+) in the body. 
  • Ammonia (NH3) is also secreted into the filtrate, and it plays a role in regulating the pH of the urine as well as serving as a buffer to help maintain acid-base balance in the body.

Topic in NCERT: TUBULAR SECRETION

Line in NCERT: "During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like H+, K* and ammonia into the filtrate."

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This test contains 20 MCQs on Excretory Products & their Elimination - 1 with detailed solutions for each question. It is part of the Biology Class 11 course on EduRev, designed to align with the current NEET syllabus. Each solution explains not just the correct answer but also gives you an understanding of the topic — not just to attempt the question but also help you prepare for the exam with practice.

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