CGPSE Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 8 - CGPSC (Chhattisgarh) MCQ

• It is the first among the 12 Jyotirlingas which are symbolic representations of Lord Shiva.

• Located at the Veraval Port or Prabhas Pattan in Saurashtra, Gujrat, the present temple is built in the Chalukyan style.

  • This Architecture is also known as the “Kailash Mahameru Prasad” style.

  • It reflects the skill of the SompuraSalats, one of Gujarat’s master masons.

• Raids - In AD 1026, Mahmud of Ghazni first looted the temple,and then came Afzal Khan, the commander of Ala-ud-din Khilji and later Aurangzeb.

• It is said that the temple was looted and destroyed as many as seventeen times.

• Post Modern History - The Iron man of India, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was instrumental in the construction of the present temple.

• The first President of India Dr Rajendra Prasad installed the Jyotirling in the new temple on May 11, 1951.

The new rail projects aim to improve logistical efficiency and enhance transportation networks, which will streamline supply chains and contribute to accelerated economic growth. This is key to supporting regional development in states like Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh.

The Chhattisgarh government plans to enhance the treatment limit under the scheme from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 10 lakh for all non-APL cardholders. This increase is aimed at providing better healthcare for individuals needing specialized medical care.

The Niyad Nellanar Scheme aims to rehabilitate Naxalites by providing essential amenities and promoting equality and development in villages near security camps. This initiative is part of the larger effort to reintegrate former Naxalites into society.

The PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan focuses on enhancing multimodal infrastructure connectivity to improve logistics efficiency and support socio-economic development. It is a comprehensive initiative that integrates various transportation modes for better connectivity.

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs is chaired by the Prime Minister. This committee plays a crucial role in laying down investment priorities and reviewing economic policies in India.

Twenty-five Naxalites surrendered in Bijapur district, indicating a shift in their stance due to disillusionment with Maoist ideology and the impact of government rehabilitation policies. This reflects ongoing efforts to bring former insurgents back into the mainstream.

In Northeast states, as well as in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, the funding ratio for the Ayushman Bharat scheme is 90:10, with the central government covering a larger share to support healthcare initiatives in these regions.

The National Health Authority (NHA) serves as the nodal agency for the effective implementation of the Ayushman Bharat scheme, coordinating with state governments to ensure the scheme's objectives are met.

The inauguration of the NCB zonal office in Raipur aimed to strengthen regional coordination in combating narcotics and addressing the Left Wing Extremism situation, thereby enhancing overall security measures in Chhattisgarh.

Vallabhacharya founded the philosophy of Shuddha Advaita, which emphasizes pure non-dualism. His teachings significantly influenced the Pushti sect of Vaishnavism, focusing on a devotional path to God.

"Ayushman" translates to "blessed with a long life" in Sanskrit, emphasizing the scheme's focus on health and wellness, aiming to provide comprehensive medical coverage for eligible families in India.

Maharashtra is not listed as a beneficiary of the new rail projects that are primarily aimed at enhancing connectivity in Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh.

The Niyad Nellanar Scheme aims to provide around 25 basic amenities and promote development in villages located within 5 kilometers of security camps, enhancing the quality of life for residents in these areas.

A key feature of the PM Gati Shakti initiative is its use of Geographic Information System (GIS) data-based planning, which allows for comprehensive visualization and analysis of infrastructure needs across various sectors.

Ellora Caves are a series of rock-cut cave monuments that are associated with Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. The caves were constructed between the 6th and 10th centuries CE and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The caves are renowned for their beautiful sculptures and carvings, including depictions of the Buddha, Shiva and Vishnu. Elephanta Caves are a series of rock-cut temples that are located on an island in the Arabian Sea.

The caves were originally a Buddhist site, but were later dominated by the Shaivite faith. The caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and are known for their sculptures and carvings depicting Hindu deities, stories from the Puranas and various scenes from Hindu mythology. Bagh Caves are a series of rock-cut cave monuments that are associated with Jainism. The caves were built between the 5th and 8th centuries CE and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The caves are renowned for their sculptures and carvings, including depictions of popular Jain figures and various scenes from Jain mythology. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

• The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti set up by Ashwini Kumar Dutt, a school teacher, in Barisal was the most well-known volunteer organization of them all.

• Through the activities of this Samiti, whose 159 branches reached out to the remotest corners of the district, Dutt was able to generate an unparalleled mass following among the predominantly Muslim Peasantry of the region. The samitis took the Swadeshi message to the villages through magic lantern lectures and Swadeshi songs, gave physical and moral training to the members, did social work during famines and epidemics, organized schools training in Swadeshi craft and arbitration courts.

• By August 1906 the Barisal Samiti reportedly settled 523 disputes through eighty-nine arbitration committees.

1. Narsi Mehta – 15th century CE. He was a bhakti saint from region belonging to the present-day Gujarat.

2. Basavanna – 12th century CE. He was a bhakti saint from belonging to the present-day Karnataka.

3. Tulsidas – 16th -17th century CE. He was a bhakti saint from belonging to the present-day Uttar Pradesh.

4. Manikkavasagar – 9th Century CE. He was a 9th-century Tamil poet who wrote Tiruvasakam, a book of Shaiva hymns. He was a bhakti saint from belonging to the present-day Tamil Nadu.

Matriliny in Meghalaya Communities:

• The Khasis, numbering about 1.39 lakh, are one of the three indigenous matrilineal communities in the northeastern State. The other two are Garos and Jaintias.

What constitutes Matriliny?

• In this system, lineage and descent are traced through the mother’s clan, like
  • Children take the mother’s surname,
  • The husband moves into his wife’s house, and
  • The youngest daughter (khatduh) of the family is bequeathed the full share of the ancestral — or the clan’s — property. Hence option (a) and (b) are correct.
• The khatduh becomes the “custodian” of the land.
  • She assumes all responsibility associated with the land, including taking care of aged parents, unmarried or destitute siblings.
• Khasi marrying non-Khasi person:
  • It is mandatory for any Khasi woman who marries a non-Khasi to obtain the Khasi tribe certificate for applying for the ST certificate for her children. 

Both the statements are incorrect.

• Basaveshwara, colloquially known as Basavanna, was a 12th-century CE Indian statesman, philosopher, poet, Lingayat saint in the Shiva-focussed bhakti movement, and a Hindu Shaivite social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Chalukya/Kalachuri dynasty. Basava was active during the rule of both dynasties but reached the peak of his influence during the rule of King Bijjala II in Karnataka, India.
• Mohammad ibn Tughlaq or Mohammad Bin Tughlaq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He was the eldest son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty.
• The true beauty and grandeur of the literature in Gupta Era can be seen in the kavyas. The greatest among all the names is Kalidasa who lived in the 4th century CE and was a contemporary of Chandragupta II. His earliest production was Ritusamhara. But earliest drama was Malvikagnimitram. Meghaduta is pioneer Dutakavya in Sanskrit literature.

Magadhan Empire’s won were those that had larger, stronger, better armies, and this, in turn, was the result of effective political strategies of administration and control. Magadha’s gradual rise to political supremacy began with Bimbisara. The rise of Magadha to political supremacy can be reconstructed by comparing the information in the Puranic, Buddhist, and Jaina texts. The Mahavagga, a Buddhist text, speaks of Bimbisara’s administration and suggests that Bimbisara had a very large kingdom consisting of thousands of prosperous villages. Buddhist text talks of high- ranking officials known as mahamatras, who probably had executive, judicial, and military functions. Some administration members are:

• Minister - Koliya
• Treasurer - Kumbhaghosaka
• Village Headmen - Gramakas
• High-Ranking Officials - Mahamatras
•  Physician - Jivaka
• Flower Gatherer – Sumana.

So, Option (b) is correct.

• Aryadeva, was a Mahayana Buddhist monk, a disciple of Nagarjuna and a Madhyamaka philosopher. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.
• Dignaga was an Indian Buddhist scholar and one of the Buddhist founders of Indian logic (hetu vidya). Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
• Dignaga’s work laid the groundwork for the development of deductive logic in India and created the first system of Buddhist logic and epistemology (Pramana).
• Sri Ranganathamuni, popularly known as Sriman Nathamuni, was a Vaishnava theologian who collected and compiled the Nalayira Divya Prabandham. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.
• Hence Correct Answer- Option-D 

• Sangam literature Some of the earliest works in Tamil, known as Sangam literature, were composed around 2300 years ago. These texts were called Sangam because they were supposed to have been composed and compiled in assemblies (known as sangams) of poets that were held in the city of Madurai.

• The period in which the Sangam literature was composed is called Sangam Age. The three kingdoms Chera, Chola and Pandya flourished during this period. There were three Sangams which created a literary movement. The Sangam literature consists of Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku and the two epics Silappathigaram and Manimegalai. Among these, the Tolkappiyam authored by Tolkappiyar was the earliest work which provides the information on Social, Economic and political conditions of the Sangam Age along with the Tamil grammar.

• It was composed in the second Sangam. The third Sangam created Patthupattu, (Ten Idylls or poetries), Ettuthokai (The eight Anthologies), Padinenkilkanakkyu (The Eight Minor Didactic Poems), the Rural and Jivaka Chintamani etc. The Sangam literature speaks of the worship of Vishnu, Siva and Indra.

Statement 1 is not correct :Modhera Sun Temple is located in Mehsana, neighbouring Ahmedabad district of Gujarat .Situated on the banks of Pushpavati River. Statement 2 is correct : Built in the 11th century during the Chalukya dynasty in honour of the Sun God, it is one of the major tourist destinations in North Gujarat.

● It is surrounded by a terra-formed garden of flowering trees and songs of birds.

● The remains of the Sun Temples at Modhera are relics of times gone by when reverence of the natural elements fire, air, earth, water and sky were at their peak sharing space with myriad manifestations of Vedic gods.

Surendranath Banerjea is one of important moderate political leader. He founded the Indian National Association, through which he led two sessions of the Indian National Conference in 1883 and 1885, along with Anandamohan Bose. He founded a new organization named Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919. He was editor of “The Bengali” newspaper. Written in the last years of Sir Surendranath Banerjea s life, A Nation in Making is not only the autobiography of a pioneering leader in Indian politics but also a commentary on public life.

Statement 3 is correct. It highlighted female education, vocational education and teachers training KB) Other recommendations: It systematised the hierarchy from vernacular primary schools in villages at bottom, followed by Anglo- Vernacular High Schools and an affiliated college at the district level, and affiliating universities in the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.

● It laid down that the education imparted in government institutions should be secular.

● It recommended a system of grants-in-aid to encourage private enterprise.

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Delhi durbar of 1877 was not announced by Lord Canning. It was largely an official event not a popular occasion with mass appeal like 1903 and 1911.It was organized by Lytton, The then Viceroy of India. Lord Canning announced Queen’s proclamation at a durbar at Allahabad in 1858 according to which, the era of annexations and expansion had ended and the British promised to respect the dignity and rights of the native princes.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Indian states were henceforth to recognize the paramountcy of the British crown and were treated as parts of a single charge as a part of Queen’s proclamation announced at durbar held at Allahabad in 1858 and not the 1877 Delhi Durbar.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: The Queen’s proclamation of 1858 promised equal and impartial protection under law to all Indians, besides equal opportunities in government services irrespective of race or creed. It was also promised that old Indian rights, customs and practices would be given due regard while framing and administering the law.

• The Delhi durbar of 1877 gave a new title” Qaisar-I-Hind, the Empress of India to British monarch- Queen Victoria. Delhi durbar was held 3 times in the old Mughal capital of Delhi, first in 1877, and then again in 1903 and 1911.

• By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors.

  • The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbors. (The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese).

  • The population of Portuguese was less than a million, its Court was autocratic and decadent, its merchants enjoyed much less power and prestige than its landed aristocrats. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

  • They followed a policy of religious intolerance. The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful. Hence statement 3 is correct.

  • The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain a secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also learned it and outshined the Portuguese. They lagged behind in the development of shipping as compared to other European powers. Hence statement 2 is correct.

  • As new trading communities from Europe arrived in India, there began a fierce rivalry among them. In this struggle, the Portuguese had to give way to the more powerful and enterprising competitors. The Dutch and the English had greater resources and more compulsions to expand overseas, and they overcame the Portuguese resistance.

Gandhi founded the All-India Village Industries Association in Wardha in 1934. Jamnalal Bajaj has donated considerable land and buildings to the All-India Village Industries Association. Gandhi organized the first All-India Village Industries Exhibition in Indore in 1935.

• Gandhiji started experiments in rural lifestyles, such as the revival of village crafts and agro-processing industries, village cleanliness, diet reforms, etc., so that villages could be developed as ideal surroundings to live in. So, Option (a) is not correct.
• On 30 September 1932, Gandhi founded the All India Anti Untouchability League to remove untouchability in the society, which was later renamed Harijan Sevak Sangh ("Servants of Harijan Society") Harijan Sevak Sangh is a non-profit organization founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to eradicate untouchability in India, working for Harijan or Dalit people and uplifting the Depressed Class of India. So, Option (b) is not correct.
• The federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry was established in 1927. FICCI is the largest and oldest apex business organization in India. Its history is closely interwoven with India's struggle for independence, industrialization, and emergence as one of the most rapidly growing global economies. A non-government, not-for-profit organisation, FICCI is India's business and industry voice. From influencing policy to encouraging debate, engaging with policy makers and civil society, FICCI articulates the views and concerns of industry. It serves its members from the Indian private and public corporate sectors and multinational companies, drawing its strength from diverse regional chambers of commerce and industry across states, reaching out to over 2,50,000 companies. So, Option (c) is not correct. 
• On his return from South Africa, Gandhi's first Ashram in India was established in the Kochrab area of Ahmedabad on 25 May 1915. Gandhi's Kochrab Ashram was located near the city of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat. This ashram was a major center for students of Gandhian ideas to practice satyagraha, self- sufficiency, and Swadeshi, work for the upliftment of the poor, women, and untouchables, and to promote better public education and sanitation. The ashram was organized based on human equality. So, Option(d) is correct.

Sawai Jai Singh of Amber erected observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura. He drew up a set of tables, entitled Zij Muhammadshahi, to enable people to make astronomical observations. He had Euclid’s ‘Elements of Geometry’ translated into Sanskrit as also several works on trigonometry and Napier’s work on the construction and use of logarithms.