JPSC Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 10 - JPSC (Jharkhand) MCQ

Samarth Ramdas (1608 – 1681), also known as Sant Ramdas or Ramdas Swami, was a Hindu saint, philosopher, poet, writer and spiritual master.

• He was a devotee of Lord Ram and Hanuman, he toured the entire Indian subcontinent for 12 years, during which he came across various spiritual teachers and diverse religious traditions.
• His paean to Lord Hanuman, Maruti Stotra, is still commonly recited by school children as well as wrestlers akhadas across Maharashtra.

• Statement 1 is correct: The census is a Union subject under Article 246 of India Constitution.
• Statement 2 is not correct:The responsibility of conducting the decadal census rests with the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• Statement 3 is not correct: Census organization was set up on an ad-hoc basis for each census till the year 1951 census. The Census Act was enacted in 1948 to provide a plan for conducting population census along with the duties and responsibilities of census officers. 
   

Channapatna toy: Channapatna town is in the Ramanagara District in Karnataka and is popularly known as ‘Gombegala Nagara’ (City of Toys) or the ‘Toy Land of Karnataka’.

• Etikoppaka Toys: Etikoppaka is a small village located on the banks of the river Varaha in the Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh.
  • Made in the Etikoppaka region of Andhra Pradesh, these toys are made with lacquer color and are traditionally known as Etikoppaka toys or Etikoppaka Bommalu. The village is very famous for its toys made of wood.
• Kondapalli Toys: Kondapalli toys - cultural icons of Andhra Pradesh - are one of the most sold handicrafts in India and abroad, across online, wholesale, and retail platforms

Both the statements given above are correct.

• Although the Shakas established their rule in different parts of the country, only those who ruled in western India held power for any considerable length of time, for about four centuries or so. They benefited from the sea-borne trade in Gujarat and issued numerous silver coins.
• The most famous Shaka ruler in India was Rudradaman I (AD 130–50). He ruled not only over Sindh, but also over a substantial part of Gujarat, Konkan, the Narmada valley, Malwa, and Kathiawar.
• He is famous in history because of the repairs he undertook to improve the Sudarshana lake in the semi-arid zone of Kathiawar which had been in use for irrigation for a long time and dated back to the Mauryas.
• Rudradaman was a great lover of Sanskrit. Although he had Central Asian ancestors, he issued the first-ever long inscription in chaste Sanskrit.
• All the earlier longer inscriptions that we have in India were composed in Prakrit which had been made the state language by Ashoka.
   

Statement Analysis:

• Statement 1 is Correct: Myristica swamps are found in the Sacred Groves or evergreen forest patches and are included in the littoral and swamp forest groups. These forests are characterized by trees with large protruding roots jutting out of waterlogged soil which remains inundated throughout the year.
• Statement 2 is Inorrect: In India, these unique habitats are found in the Western Ghats and a smaller distribution exists in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Context – Found in the sacred groves of Kerala, the Myristica swamps support a unique biodiversity but are threatened by climate change and human intervention

• It is a large sub-deciduous tree which is seldom completely leafless.
• It requires well-drained, moist and sandy loam soil. It survives upto a maximum temperature of 36°C to 44°C and minimum temperature of 11°C to 17°C and it needs an average rainfall of 1000 mm to 3500 mm per annum.
• It is indigenous to India and occurs in two main regions separated by Gangetic plain namely the northern and central Indian regions.
• The resin of this tree is used in the indigenous system of medicine.

Context – Government-owned Tribal Development Co-operative Corporation of Odisha Ltd (TDCCOL) decided to procure sal seeds (Shorea robusta) from nine Odisha districts.

• Reign of Krishna Raya Deva of Vijaynagara (1509 –30);

• Construction of Qutub Minar (1206 – 1210);

• Arrival of Portugese in India (1498);

• Death of Firoz Tughlaq (1388).

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Though no hoe or ploughshare has been discovered, the furrows discovered in the pre-Harappan phase at Kalibangan show that the fields were ploughed in Rajasthan in the Harappan period.

• Statement 2 is correct: The Indus people were the earliest people to produce cotton. Because cotton was first produced in this area the Greeks called it sindon, which is derived from Sindh.

• Born Mul Shankar Tiwari, Dayananda was a prolific socio-religious reformer. Dayananda understood that Hinduism had strayed away from its roots and had become tainted. He decided that to restore the true religion, it was needed to go back to the Vedas. He promised his Guru Virajananda, that he would strive hard to reinstate the position of the Vedas to its rightful honored place in the Hindu religion and way of life. He was staunchly against rituals and superstitions. He criticized the concept of humans attaining moksha (salvation) to seek union with God. Instead, he advocated that God, soul, and matter (Prakriti) are all distinct and eternal entities. He also opposed the belief in the principles of niyati (destiny).
• He stated that every individual must work on his own for his salvation. He also exhorted the importance of cows for the prosperity of the nation and encouraged the adoption of Hindi for national integration. He founded the Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875.
• Through this reform movement, he stressed One God and rejected idol worship. He also advocated against the extolled position of priests in Hinduism. He also established Vedic schools for the education of girls and boys of all castes. Arya Samaj was also involved in Shuddhi ceremonies to reconvert people who had converted from Hinduism to other faiths. He wrote three books, viz. Satyartha Prakash, Veda-Bhashya Bhumika, and Veda-Bhashya and toured India extensively to spread his teachings. He had given the slogan ̳India for the Indians‘.
• This slogan became the basis of the Indian National Congress during the Calcutta session, remarkable for the slogan Swaraj. Hence option (c) is the correct answer. Please Note: India for Indians is also the title of a book authored by C.R Das. He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak. 

• In 1715, an English mission led by John Surman to the court of the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar secured three famous farmans, giving the Company many valuable privileges in Bengal, Gujarat, and Hyderabad. The farmans thus obtained were regarded the Magna Carta of the Company. Their important terms were: In Bengal, the Company‟s imports and exports were exempted from additional customs duties excepting the annual payment of 3,000 rupees as settled earlier. The Company was permitted to issue dastaks (passes) for the transportation of such goods. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The Company was permitted to rent more lands around Calcutta. In Hyderabad, the Company retained its existing privilege of freedom from duties in trade and had to pay the prevailing rent only for Madras. In Surat, for an annual payment of 10,000 rupees, the East India Company was exempted from the levy of all duties. It was decreed that the coins of the Company minted at Bombay were to be accepted as currency throughout the Mughal empire. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• But The Company‘s servants extended this privilege to their own coastal trade, inter- Asian trade, and finally the inland trade. This was an obvious usurpation. 

Sir Surendranath Banerjee was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during British Rule. He founded a nationalist organization called the Indian Association of Calcutta, after getting discontented with the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British Indian Association, through which he led two sessions of the Indian National Conference in 1883 and 1885, along with Anandamohan Bose. Banerjee later became a senior member of the Indian National Congress. Surendranath repudiated Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, unlike Congress, and with many liberal leaders, he left Congress and founded a new organization named Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress, He is given the epithet of Rashtraguru. Upon his return to India in June 1875, Banerjee became an English professor at the Metropolitan Institution, the Free Church Institution, and at the Rippon College, now Surendranath College, founded by him in 1882. He began delivering public speeches on nationalist and liberal political subjects, as well as Indian history. Surendranath was influenced by the writings of Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini. He studied the writings of Mazzini in his stay in England (1874-1875) on Anandmohan's suggestion. In 1879, he bought the newspaper, The Bengalee (founded in 1862 by Girish Chandra Ghosh) and edited it for 40 years. He became the first Indian to go to jail in performance of his duty as a journalist. Hence option (d) is the correct answer

• Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempts during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.
• The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader") was first applied to Bose in Germany in early 1942—by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion (English: Indian Legion) and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin. It is now used throughout India. Kashinath Trimbak Telang was an Indologist and Indian judge at Bombay High Court.
• Telang was active in politics from 1872 to 1889. He was nominated to the Bombay legislative council in 1884 but declined a similar position on the viceroy's council. He and fellow Bombay lawyers, Pherozshah Mehta, and Badruddin Tyabji were the founders of the Bombay Presidency Association. He was the secretary of the reception committee for the inaugural meeting of the Indian National Congress in 1885. Romesh Chunder Dutt was an Indian civil servant, economic historian, writer, and translator of Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• Dutt is considered a national leader of the pre-Gandhian era and was a contemporary of Dadabhai Naoroji and Justice Ranade. He was president of the Indian National Congress in 1899. He was also a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.