Kerala PSC KAS Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 2 - Kerala PSC KAS MCQ

He had a symbol in salt which had the potential to unite each and every community in India which had been a major shortcoming of the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement. Also, although salt was not the main problem Indians were facing under British rule, it was chosen to symbolise the start of the civil disobedience movement because salt was deemed as something on which each Indian had the basic right. Also, salt could be made free of cost from the ocean instead of paying hefty taxes on its purchase from the British.

Option (b) is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct. The Communal Award was announced by the British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, on August 16, 1932. The Communal Award was awarded based on the findings of the Indian Franchise Committee (also called the Lothian Committee). Statement 2 is incorrect. This award accorded separate electorates for Muslims, Europeans, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, depressed classes, and even to the Marathas for some seats in Bombay. The award was perceived by the national leaders of the Congress as another manifestation of the British policy of divide and rule.

Main Provisions of the Communal Award

• Muslims, Europeans, Sikhs, Indian Christians, AngloIndians, depressed classes, women, and even the Marathas were to get separate electorates. Such an arrangement for the depressed classes was to be made for a period of 20 years.
• In the provincial legislatures, the seats were to be distributed on communal basis.
• The existing seats of the provincial legislatures were to be doubled.
• The Muslims, wherever they were in the minority, were to be granted a weightage.
• Except in the North West Frontier Province, 3 per cent seats were to be reserved for women in all provinces.
• The depressed classes to be declared/accorded the status of minority.
• The depressed classes were to get ‘double vote’, one to be used through separate electorates and the other to be used in the general electorates.
• Allocations of seats were to be made for labourers, landlords, traders and industrialists.
• In the province of Bombay, 7 seats were to be allocated for the Marathas.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Gandhiji saw the Communal Award as an attack on Indian unity and nationalism. He thought it was harmful to both Hinduism and to the depressed classes since it provided no answer to the socially degraded position of the depressed classes. Gandhiji demanded that the depressed classes be elected through joint and if possible a wider electorate through universal franchise, while expressing no objection to the demand for a larger number of reserved seats. And to press his demands, he went on an indefinite fast on September 20, 1932. Now leaders of various persuasions, including B.R. Ambedkar, M.C. Rajah and Madan Mohan Malaviya got together to hammer out a compromise contained in the Poona Pact.

Statement 3 is correct. Under the Charter Act of 1833, no Indian citizen was to be denied employment under the Company on the basis of religion, colour, birth, descent, etc. Although the reality was different, this declaration formed the sheet-anchor of political agitation in India. KB) Other provisions of Charter Act of 1813: In England, local businessmen were pressuring the British government to end the Company’s monopoly over trade in India in spirit of laissez-faire and the continental system by Napoleon by which the European ports were closed for Britain.

The 1813 Act sought to redress these grievances—

● The Company’s monopoly over trade in India ended, but the Company retained the trade with China and the trade in tea.

● The Company was to retain the possession of territories and the revenue for 20 years, without prejudice to the sovereignty of the Crown. (Thus, the constitutional position of the British territories in India was defined explicitly for the first time.)

● Powers of the Board of Control were further enlarged. Charter act of 1833: Governor-General of Bengal was made Governor-General of India. William Bentinck was the first Governor- General of India.

● The lease of 20 years to the Company was further extended. Territories of India were to be governed in the name of the Crown.

● The Company’s monopoly over trade with China and in tea also ended.

● A law member was added to the governor-general’s council for professional advice on law-making.

● The administration was urged to take steps to ameliorate the conditions of slaves and to ultimately abolish slavery. (Slavery was abolished in 1843.)

Lord Canning served as the first Governor-General of India from 1856 to 1862 during the British expansion.

Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed the British to annex Indian states where the ruler did not have a natural heir.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was triggered by the introduction of Enfield rifle cartridges greased with animal fat, offending religious sentiments.

Nana Sahib was one of the prominent leaders of the revolt at Kanpur (Cawnpore) during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1885 by the British colonial government to suppress the Indian vernacular press.

The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, marking the first military engagements between the American colonists and British troops.

The Boston Tea Party, which occurred on December 16, 1773, was a protest by American colonists against British taxation without representation, leading to the enactment of the Stamp Act in 1765.

"Common Sense" was written by Thomas Paine in January 1776, and it played a significant role in inspiring the American colonists to seek independence from British rule.

The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, which announced the thirteen American colonies' formal separation from Great Britain.

George Washington was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress in June 1775, and he led the American forces throughout the Revolution.

The Battle of Saratoga, fought in October 1777, was a crucial turning point in the American Revolution, as it convinced France to openly support the American cause, leading to a military alliance.

France played a vital role in supporting the American colonies during the Revolution, providing military aid, financial assistance, and diplomatic support.

John Paul Jones, a Scottish-born naval officer, is known as the "Father of the American Navy" for his heroic actions and contributions to establishing the Continental Navy.

The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, officially ended the American Revolution and recognized the United States as an independent nation.

Patrick Henry, an influential statesman and orator, delivered the famous speech during the Virginia Convention in 1775, urging the colonies to take a stand for liberty and independence.

Nazism in Germany was closely associated with the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. Adolf Hitler was the leader of the NSDAP, and the party's ideology was based on extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, and totalitarianism.

Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. After gaining power, Hitler and the Nazis rapidly transformed Germany into a totalitarian state, suppressing political opposition and implementing discriminatory policies.

Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, occurred on November 9-10, 1938. It was a violent pogrom against Jews in Germany and marked the beginning of the Nazi regime's organized persecution of Jews. Jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues were targeted, resulting in extensive damage and loss of life.

The Enabling Act of 1933 granted Adolf Hitler and his cabinet the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag (the German parliament). This law effectively allowed Hitler to bypass the legislative process and govern by decree, consolidating his authority and paving the way for the establishment of a totalitarian regime.

The lifeline of Egyptian civilization was the Nile River, which provided water for agriculture and transportation.

The Ancient Egyptian writing system is called hieroglyphics, which used pictorial symbols to represent words and sounds.

The Renaissance period spanned from the 14th to the 17th century, characterized by a revival of art, literature, and learning, especially in Europe.

On December 13, 1946, Jawahar Lal Nehru moved the ‘Objective Resolution’ in the Constituent Assembly which was unanimously adopted by the assembly on January 22, 1947. The important provisions of the Resolution were:

• This Constituent Assembly declares it's firm and solemn resolve to proclaim India as the Independent Sovereign Republic and to draw up for her future governance a Constitution.
• Wherein the territories comprising present times British India, the territories that now form the Indian State and such other parts of India as are outside India and the States as well as other territories as are willing to be constituted into independent sovereign India, shall be a Union of them all
• Wherein the said territories, whether with their present boundaries or with such others as may be determined by the Constituent Assembly and thereafter according to the law of the Constitution, shall possess and retain with the residuary powers and exercise all powers and functions of the Government and administration implied in the Union or resulting there from
• Wherein all power and authority of Sovereign Independent India, its constituent parts and organs of Government are derived from the people
• Wherein shall be guaranteed and secured to all the people of India justice, social, economic and political; equality of status of opportunity, and before the law; freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action, subject to the law and public morality
• Wherein adequate safeguards shall be provided for minorities, backward and tribal areas and depressed and other backward classes
• Whereby shall be maintained the integrity of the territory of the Republic and its sovereign rights on land, sea and air according to justice and the law of civilized nations
• This ancient land attains its rightful and honoured place in the world and makes its full and willing contribution to the promotion of world peace and the welfare of mankind.

The term liberty does not mean that citizens have unrestricted freedom. Their liberties are subject to reasonable restrictions.

Article 3 of the Indian Constitution:

• It empowered the Parliament to make laws relating to the formation of new states and alteration of existing states.
• Parliament may by law:
  • Form a new State by separation of territory from a State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States
  • Increase the area of any State
  • Diminish the area of any State
  • Alter the boundaries of any State
  • Alter the name of any State