Kerala PSC KAS Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 10 - Kerala PSC KAS MCQ

• Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was a social reformer who worked against social evils like untouchability and the caste system and was a strong advocate of women empowerment and education of girl child. Phule was born on April 11, 1827, in present-day Maharashtra and belonged to the Mali caste of gardeners. He and his wife Savitrirao Phule fought for the education of girl students and opened a school in 1848. Phule vehemently opposed child marriage and supported widow remarriage. In 1863, he, along with his wife, opened an infanticide prevention centre where pregnant widows could safely give birth and care for infants. Phule along with his followers formed Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 which meant „Seekers of Truth‟ in order to attain equal social and economic benefits for the lower castes in Maharashtra. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Jyotirao Phule was a propagator of rational thinking and encouraged the education of Dalits and the girl child. He dedicated his book Gulamgiri (slavery) to the African American movement to end slavery. It is believed by many that it was Phule who first used the term ̳Dalit‘ for the depiction of oppressed masses often placed outside the ̳varna system‘. Phule was critical of the Congress and National movement for its neglect of the conditions of weaker sections and oppressed classes. He believed that mostly the upper caste leaders were involved in the nationalist movement and dominated Congress. He believed that once the British would leave, the people of the upper caste would use their power and authority to oppress and subjugate the people belonging to lower castes. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Phule not only wanted the country to become independent of the British control but also from various social evils that had crept in the society. Phule was bestowed with the title of Mahatma in 1888, by a Maharashtrian social activist Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

• The orthodox section among the Muslim ulema who were the standard-bearers of traditional Islamic learning organized the Deoband movement. It was a revivalist movement with twin objectives – to propagate among the Muslims the pure teachings of Quran and Hai and to keep alive the spirit of jihad against foreign rule. Whereas, the Aligarh school aimed at the welfare of the Muslim community through the support of the British government. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• The school curricula shut out English education and Western education. The instruction was in the original Islamic religion whereas the Aligarh movement aimed at the welfare of the Muslim community through western education. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• In 1888, Deoband ulema issued a religious decree (fatwa) against Syed Ahmed Khan‟s organizations „the United Patriotic Association‟ and „The Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental Association. The main opposition by the Deoband school was against the activities of Syed Ahmed Khan as Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental colleges were established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in Aligarh in 1875 for the education of Western Sciences and arts and Muslim religion.

• Lord Cornwallis realized the need for police reforms and he made many changes in the police organization. In this respect, he went back to, and modernised the old Indian system of thanas. This put India ahead of Britain where a system of police had not developed yet. He divested the Zamindars of their policing powers, divided the district into thanas or units of police jurisdiction of twenty to thirty miles. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Each unit was under an officer known as the Daroga who was appointed by the magistrates and placed under their supervision. Darogas came to be seen as the instrument of the Company's power and control over the rural areas. The daroga was an Indian. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• The post of the District Superintendent of Police was created to head the police organisation in a district. Hence, statement 3 is correct. In the villages, the duties of the police continued to be performed by the village watchmen who were maintained by the villagers.

• A Between 1793 and 1813, these British manufacturers launched a campaign against the company, its trade monopoly, and the privileges it enjoyed. Ultimately, they succeeded in abolishing the East India Company‟s monopoly of Indian trade. With this India became an economic colony of Industrial England. The decline of Urban Handicrafts: The consequence of these changes in the composition of India‘s exports and imports, was a rapid decline in the demand for products of various urban handicrafts which at one time were so famous and in a flourishing condition.
• Now, these urban handicrafts in India were unable to successfully face the challenge posed by free imports into India of cheap manufactured goods produced on a large scale in factories in England. This resulted in the decline of urban handicrafts in India. Commercialization of Agriculture: A large number of commercial crops such as tea, coffee, indigo, opium, cotton, jute, sugarcane, and oilseed were introduced. subsistence farming began gradually to give place to what is known as ' commercialization of agriculture '. Instead of growing all types of crops for home consumption as was the traditional practice, farmers began to produce one or two crops suitable to the region and which could be sold for the highest profit.
• The emergence of the Managing Agency System: The most important among the institutions that came into existence during the second half of the 19th century were the European Managing Agency Houses. ̳Managing Agency House‘ was the peculiar product of the Indo-British relations during the 19th century. The Managing Agency Houses raised funds in England and India and took responsibility on behalf of the clients (who had retired from service in India after making a lot of money and generally resided in England) to run industries or trading establishments in India. Increasing Pressure on Agriculture: Gradually several handicrafts in urban areas declined or in some cases vanished for all practical purposes.
• The unfortunate men who were traditionally engaged in those handicrafts took mostly to agriculture, claiming a share in the family land, to which they were entitled according to the Hindu and Muslim laws of succession and inheritance. This sudden swelling in the number of agriculturists resulted in sub-division and fragmentation of agricultural land.
• Hence option (a) is the correct answer.

• At the time Auckland came to India as Governor-General in 1836, there were alarming reports from Teheran about Russian advances. Russian ambition in Central Asia dates from the acquisition of Georgia in 1801. The Russo-Persian wars of 1811-13 and 1826-28 greatly humbled Persia and she was compelled to surrender important territories round the Caspian Sea to Russia besides being forbidden to keep armed vessels in that sea.
• Russian influence replaced British influence in Persia and thwarted an English scheme for the establishment of a new route by the Euphrates river to India. The increased Russian influence in Persia after the Treaty of Turkomanchai (1828) alarmed English mind about possible Russian design on India. There was a search for a 'scientific frontier'. The passes of the north-west seemed to hold the keys to the gateway of India. It was felt that Afghanistan should be under the control of a friendly prince. The politicians of the day felt that the fall of Herat meant, for both political and geographical reasons, the removal of the last barrier on any possible march to India. Both Lord Palmerston, British Foreign Secretary, and Auckland advocated a Forward Policy and thought in terms of bringing Afghanistan within their political ambit and signed a Tripartite treaty(June 1938) with Shah Suja and Ranjit Singh. The treaty provided that Shah Shuja would be reinstated on the throne of Kabul with the armed assistance of the Sikhs.
• The Company was to remain in the background jingling the money bag'. In return Shah Shuja bound himself to conduct his foreign relations with the advice of the English and the Sikhs; he further recognised the Maharaja's claims over the afghan territories on the right bank of the Indus and also gave up his sovereign rights over the Amirs of Sind in return for a large sum of money. Hence option (b) is the correct answer.

The primary trigger of the World Depression of 1929-34 was the collapse of the stock market in the United States, known as the "Wall Street Crash." It occurred on October 29, 1929, and resulted in a severe economic downturn worldwide, leading to the Great Depression.

Germany was severely affected by hyperinflation during the Great Depression. Hyperinflation reached its peak in 1923, causing the value of the German mark to plummet dramatically. This economic crisis further worsened the already difficult conditions in Germany during that period.

The Dust Bowl occurred in the United States during the Great Depression. It was a period of severe dust storms and droughts that devastated agricultural areas, particularly in the Great Plains. The combination of poor farming practices and extreme weather conditions led to widespread soil erosion and crop failures.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in response to the Great Depression. It was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote monetary cooperation, exchange rate stability, and provide financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments problems.

During the Great Depression, the economic theory that gained popularity and advocated for limited government intervention in economic matters was Laissez-faire economics. This theory argues that markets should be left to self-regulate and that government interference could hinder economic recovery.

The Soviet Union's economy was the least impacted during the Great Depression. Due to its centrally planned economy, the Soviet Union was less integrated into the global capitalist system and was not as affected by the market collapses and financial crises that plagued other countries during the 1930s.

The West Coast experienced a significant influx of people during the Great Depression due to the "Dust Bowl" migration. Many people from the drought-ridden and economically devastated Great Plains migrated to California and other West Coast states in search of better opportunities.

The Securities Act of 1933 was a major piece of legislation in the United States that aimed to regulate the stock market and prevent another market crash. It required companies to provide accurate information to investors and established the basis for financial regulation to protect investors from fraudulent practices.

The Soviet Union experienced a significant economic boom during the Great Depression due to its policy of "New Economic Policy" (NEP). Under NEP, limited capitalist-oriented reforms were introduced, allowing private enterprise and foreign investments in certain sectors, leading to an economic recovery during the 1920s.

Global economic cooperation and coordination are not considered one of the underlying causes of the Great Depression. In fact, a lack of international cooperation and the implementation of protectionist policies by many countries contributed to the severity and duration of the economic downturn.

The Holocaust was a horrific event during World War II in which millions of Jews, along with other minority groups, were systematically persecuted, imprisoned, and killed by the Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler.

The Battle of Stalingrad, fought between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany from August 1942 to February 1943, is considered a turning point in the European theater of World War II. The Soviet victory in this battle halted the German advance and marked the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany.

The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. The devastating impact of these bombings led to Japan's unconditional surrender, bringing an end to World War II.

The Soviet Union (Russia) experienced the most significant number of civilian and military casualties during World War II. The Eastern Front of the war, fought between Germany and the Soviet Union, witnessed some of the bloodiest battles in history, resulting in substantial human losses on both sides.

 Medieval Japan refers to the period from the 12th century to the 16th century when feudalism, samurai culture, and the shogunate system were dominant.

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder of the Kamakura Shogunate in 1192, marking the beginning of the shogunate system in Japan.

William III of Orange, also known as William of Orange, and his wife Mary II, who was James II's daughter, were the leaders of the Glorious Revolution. They were invited by English nobles to take the English throne in what is often called the "Invitation to William" (the Declaration of Rights).

Disqualification on ground of defection: A legislator belonging to a political party will be disqualified if he
(i) voluntarily gives up his party membership, or
(ii) votes/abstains to vote in the House contrary to the direction issued by his political party.

• A member is not disqualified if he has taken prior permission of his party, or if the voting or abstention is condoned by the party within 15 days. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Independent members will be disqualified if they join a political party after getting elected to the House.
• Nominated members will be disqualified if they join any political party six months after getting nominated. Hence Statement 2 is correct.

• Statement 1 is not correct: The Joint Parliamentary committee (JPC) is an ad-hoc body which is set up for a given period of time and is aimed at addressing a specific issue not limited to only bills and dissolved after submission of its report to Parliament.
• Statement 2 is not correct: The first JPC was formed in August 1987 to investigate the Bofors scandal. It was formed on a motion moved by the then defence minister K.C. Pant in the Lok Sabha on August 6, 1987.
• Statement 3 is correct: Joint parliament committees are set up by a motion passed in one house of Parliament and agreed to by the other. The details regarding membership and subjects are also decided by Parliament. For example, the motion to constitute a JPC on the stock market scam (2001) and pesticide residues in soft drinks (2003) was moved by the government in the Lok Sabha

• Statement 1 is correct: It was established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A in the Constitution through the Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.
• Statement 2 is correct: Powers of the Commission: For Investigation and Inquiry, the Commission is vested with powers of a civil court having authority to:
  • Summon and enforce attendance of any person and examine on oath;
  • Discovery & production of any documents;
  • Receive evidence on affidavits;
  • Requisition any public record or copy thereof from any court or office;
  • Issue Commissions for examination of witnesses and documents; and
  • Any matter which President, by rule, may determine.