Test: Genetics and Evolution (December 23) - NEET MCQ

The two chains are antiparallel, one aligned in 5’→3’  direction the other in 3’ → 5’ direction.

Let GG  ⇒ homozygous yellow seed plant.
Gg ⇒ heterozygous green
gg ⇒ homozygous green According to the question : 

DNA finger printing is the technique of determining nucleotide sequences of certain areas of DNA which are unique to each individual. DNA contains noncistronic hypervariable repeat sequences called VNTR. DNA fingerprinting involves the identification of these VNTRs.

Genetic mapping help in studying the architecture of the chromosomes and of entire genome.

The replacement of grey coloured moth by dark coloured melanic species due to industrial smoke is called industrial melanism. Initially on the lichen covered tree trunks, the mutant moths was more conspicuous due to its black colouration and was therefore more susceptible to predation by birds. The large scale burning of coal during industrial revolution resulted in the deposition of sooty particulate matter on tree trunks. Hence the grey coloured moths became more conspicuous to predatory birds. Thus the population of black moths  increased considerably. 

Migration refers to the movement of individuals into and out of population. Mutation refers to random and sudden heritable variations or changes arising in the genetic constitution.

In sickle cell anaemia RBCs become sickle shaped which are not supportive for the growth of malarial parasite Plasmodium so it provides immunity against malaria disease.

Sickle cell anaemia is a biochemical disorder in which shape of RBCs become sickle-shaped due to the defective haemoglobin. Haemoglobin becomes useless for oxygen transport.
Huntington Chorea in a disease in which atrophy of brain occurs resulting to respiratory irragulations, articulation of speech and irregular limbs movements take place. They both are genetic disease present in any person since birth hence congenital diseases.

Regulator is a gene which forms a biochemical for suppressing the activity of operator gene. Promoter is the gene which provides the point of attachment to RNA polymerase required for transcription of structural genes.

Gause's hypothesis states that two different competing species cannot coexist together for a long in the same niche, one has to get eliminated by the other competing species, if they do coexist, then they do so as a result of niche differentiation, i.e. differentiation of then realized niches.

Those organs which have a common origin and are built on the same anatomical pattern, but perform different functions and are modified accordingly. 

In any population , there is always competition for space and food resources. 

When the linked genes are situated quite close, the chances of crossing over are highly reduced. Due to this, large number of parental gametes are formed and only few recombinant gametes are formed. This results in higher number of parental types in F₂ generation as compared to recombinants.

crossing of one F₁ progeny with male parent. e.g

To find the genotype of  hybrid test cross is done.

In human cells, chromosomes are present in both nucleus as well as mitochondria. Most of the proteins in humans are encoded by the nuclear genome but mitochondrial DNA plays a significant role too. Mitochondria contain their own DNA that is separate from the nuclear DNA. mtDNA shows maternal inheritance. The nuclear DNA which is equally inherited from both the mother and the father, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited only from the mother. This makes mitochondrial DNA particularly interesting and useful for human evolutionary studies. Normally, mtDNA is identical to that of the mother. But like all DNA molecules, mtDNA molecules also undergo mutations that change the sequence slightly. Thus, mtDNA of a daughter cell would be different from the mtDNA of its mother and this difference is proportional to the amount of time that has passed and therefore proves to be very useful for studying human evolution. Similar is the case with Y chromosome that is inherited from the father and, therefore, follows a similar evolutionary pattern like mtDNA.

So, the correct answer is option C.