CTET Paper-I Mock Test - 5 (Hindi) - CTET & State TET MCQ

निर्देश: गद्यांश को पढ़कर निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में से सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए।
कुछ कहा जा रहा हो उससे कहीं महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है अपनी बात कहने का तरीक़ा। आप कितनी ही ज़रूरी बात क्यों न कहें, अगर आपकी बात कोई सुने नहीं, महसूस ही न करे, तो उसे कहने का फ़ायदा ही क्या? किसी के कहे को सुनने के लिए, उसे महसूस करने के लिए, पूरा ध्यान केंद्रित करने की ज़रूरत होती है। और वही मिलता था मुझे उस महान संगीतज्ञ बीथोवन के स्वरों द्वारा -पूरा ध्यान। आप पूछ सकते हैं कि आवाजाही और बातचीत के शोर से भरे किसी कमरे के दूसरे छोर पर बैठा कोई बच्चा उन आठ कोमल स्वरों को भला कैसे सुनता होगा? इस सवाल का जवाब तो कोई भी शिक्षक दे सकता है। ये स्वर सुन तो वे बच्चे ही पाते थे जो पियानो के बिलकुल पास खडे़ हों, और तब उनका स्पर्श दूसरों को अगाह करता था। पर कुछ ही क्षणों में तेज़ी से फैलती वह ख़ामोशी ही बोलने लगती थी। और जब तक आख़िरी स्वर की गूँज ख़त्म होती, सभी बच्चे शांत हो चुके होते थे। ये खामोशियाँ, वे सनाट्टा याद रहेगा मुझे... सात क्या उसके भी कई-कई सालों बाद भी

Q. संवाद तभी सार्थक होता है जब-

निर्देश: गद्यांश को पढ़कर निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में से सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए।
कुछ कहा जा रहा हो उससे कहीं महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है अपनी बात कहने का तरीक़ा। आप कितनी ही ज़रूरी बात क्यों न कहें, अगर आपकी बात कोई सुने नहीं, महसूस ही न करे, तो उसे कहने का फ़ायदा ही क्या? किसी के कहे को सुनने के लिए, उसे महसूस करने के लिए, पूरा ध्यान केंद्रित करने की ज़रूरत होती है। और वही मिलता था मुझे उस महान संगीतज्ञ बीथोवन के स्वरों द्वारा -पूरा ध्यान। आप पूछ सकते हैं कि आवाजाही और बातचीत के शोर से भरे किसी कमरे के दूसरे छोर पर बैठा कोई बच्चा उन आठ कोमल स्वरों को भला कैसे सुनता होगा? इस सवाल का जवाब तो कोई भी शिक्षक दे सकता है। ये स्वर सुन तो वे बच्चे ही पाते थे जो पियानो के बिलकुल पास खडे़ हों, और तब उनका स्पर्श दूसरों को अगाह करता था। पर कुछ ही क्षणों में तेज़ी से फैलती वह ख़ामोशी ही बोलने लगती थी। और जब तक आख़िरी स्वर की गूँज ख़त्म होती, सभी बच्चे शांत हो चुके होते थे। ये खामोशियाँ, वे सनाट्टा याद रहेगा मुझे... सात क्या उसके भी कई-कई सालों बाद भी

Q. 'ख़ामोशी ही बोलने लगती है' से अभिप्राय है-

सीखने की खेल विधि उपयोगी है:

सशक्त अभिप्रेरणा सीखने का प्रभावशाली घटक है:

सीखने का स्थानांतरण कहलाता है:

शीघ्रतापूर्वक सीखने वाले बच्चे अधिकतर होते हैं

माँ की ईश्वर से मुलाकात हुई या नहीं
कहना मुश्किल है
पर वह जताती थी जैसे
ईश्वर से उसकी बातचीत होती रहती है
और उससे प्राप्त सलाहों के अनुसार
जिंदगी जीने और दुःख बर्दाश्त करने का
रास्ता खोज लेती है
माँ ने एक बार मुझसे कहा था-
दक्षिण की तरफ़ पैर कर के मत सोना
वह मृत्यु की दिशा है
और यमराज को क्रुद्ध करना
बुद्धिमानी की बात नहीं है
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे पूछे गए प्रश्न का उत्तर बताइये:

Q. रास्ता खोज लेने से अर्थ है?

माँ की ईश्वर से मुलाकात हुई या नहीं
कहना मुश्किल है
पर वह जताती थी जैसे
ईश्वर से उसकी बातचीत होती रहती है
और उससे प्राप्त सलाहों के अनुसार
जिंदगी जीने और दुःख बर्दाश्त करने का
रास्ता खोज लेती है
माँ ने एक बार मुझसे कहा था-
दक्षिण की तरफ़ पैर कर के मत सोना
वह मृत्यु की दिशा है
और यमराज को क्रुद्ध करना
बुद्धिमानी की बात नहीं है
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे पूछे गए प्रश्न का उत्तर बताइये:

Q. दक्षिण की तरफ पैर करने का अर्थ है?

माँ की ईश्वर से मुलाकात हुई या नहीं
कहना मुश्किल है
पर वह जताती थी जैसे
ईश्वर से उसकी बातचीत होती रहती है
और उससे प्राप्त सलाहों के अनुसार
जिंदगी जीने और दुःख बर्दाश्त करने का
रास्ता खोज लेती है
माँ ने एक बार मुझसे कहा था-
दक्षिण की तरफ़ पैर कर के मत सोना
वह मृत्यु की दिशा है
और यमराज को क्रुद्ध करना
बुद्धिमानी की बात नहीं है
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे पूछे गए प्रश्न का उत्तर बताइये:

Q. 'बुद्धिमान' का विलोम होगा?

माँ की ईश्वर से मुलाकात हुई या नहीं
कहना मुश्किल है
पर वह जताती थी जैसे
ईश्वर से उसकी बातचीत होती रहती है
और उससे प्राप्त सलाहों के अनुसार
जिंदगी जीने और दुःख बर्दाश्त करने का
रास्ता खोज लेती है
माँ ने एक बार मुझसे कहा था-
दक्षिण की तरफ़ पैर कर के मत सोना
वह मृत्यु की दिशा है
और यमराज को क्रुद्ध करना
बुद्धिमानी की बात नहीं है
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे पूछे गए प्रश्न का उत्तर बताइये:

Q. प्रस्तुत कविता में कवि की माँ ने किस दिशा की ओर पैर कर के न सोने की सलाह दी है?

प्राथमिक स्तर पर बालक हिंदी की कक्षा में आदिवासी शब्दों से युक्त भाषा का प्रयोग करता है। ऐसी स्थिती में आप-

प्राथमिक स्तर पर भाषा शिक्षण चुनौतिपूर्ण होता है, क्योंकि-

Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.

Q. When a part of the body is anaesthetised,

Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.

Q. The real purpose of using anaesthetics is to

Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.

Q. Spinal anaesthesia is resorted to when

Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.

Q. The expression, 'the site of the operative incision', means

Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.

Q. The word opposite in meaning to the word 'formerly' is

Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Anaesthesia in any part of the body means a loss of sensation, either permanent or temporary. The term is usually used to describe the artificially produced loss of sensation which makes a surgical operation painless.
There are four main types of anaesthesia: General, Spinal, Regional, and Local. Anaesthetics may be given as gases, by inhalation; or as drugs injected into a vein. A patient given general anaesthesia loses consciousness. Anaesthesia of a fairly large area of the body results from injecting the anaesthetic drug into the spinal canal: all that portion of the body below the level at which the drug is injected is anaesthetised. Regional anaesthesia is the injecting of the nerves as they emerge from the spinal column: the anaesthesia induced by this method affects only that area of the body supplied by those nerves. In local anaesthesia, the drug is injected directly at the site of the operative incision and sometimes also into the nearby surrounding tissues.
Formerly, the most commonly used local anaesthetic was cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and introduced in 1879. But cocaine has some disadvantages and, sometimes, undesirable side-effects. For spinal, regional and local anaesthesia, procaine, or one of the several modifications of procaine, is now widely used instead of cocaine, for very limited and short operations, such as opening a small abscess. Local anaesthesia may be induced by spraying (rather than injecting) a chemical, ethyl chloride, on a small area of the skin; in changing from the liquid to the gaseous state, this drug freezes the area sprayed, and permits painless incision.

Q. 'Anaesthetic' is

Select the word with the correct spelling for filling in the blank in the given sentence.
Directions: Answer the following question by selecting the most appropriate option.
I can speak Hindi well even though it is not my ____.

Read each of the following passages and answer the questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Scotland Yard is the headquarter of the Criminal Investigation Department of London Metropolitan Police of Britain. It was established in 1878. It is named from its original location in Scotland Yard, off Whitehall. Officers who work here are involved in solving serious crimes. This police force looks after about 10 million people living in Greater London.
A police force of over 18,000 men and women is controlled from here by the Commissioner. Here, too, is the famous Information Room, working day and night, which receives information in a few seconds by telephone, radio and electronic devices about every incident in London, very important to the police. A special department deals with public relations, conducts tours, distinguished visitors, the Press and so on.
A daily newspaper edited and printed by the Scotland Yard contains particulars of persons `wanted' by the police with detailed descriptions of criminals and their photographs. A copy of the paper reaches every police station in the country. Scotland Yard catches crooks. Every convicted criminal finds a place on the index of the Criminal Record Office- his height and build, colour of hair and eyes, fingerprints, and above all, his way of going about crime. The criminal record office has records and they are used by the various police forces throughout the country.
The Scotland Yard has a map room. Here huge maps of London are hung. Some maps show every street and house. There is a crime map, made up at 8 o'clock every morning. It shows by pinned coloured flags every crime that has been committed in London. There is also a Traffic Map, showing from day to day where the most dangerous areas are in the city. The standard of police work set up a century and a quarter ago, perhaps the finest and the most scientific in the world, is maintained by the Scotland Yard.

Q. The index of the Criminal Record Office consists of a criminal's:

Read each of the following passages and answer the questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Scotland Yard is the headquarter of the Criminal Investigation Department of London Metropolitan Police of Britain. It was established in 1878. It is named from its original location in Scotland Yard, off Whitehall. Officers who work here are involved in solving serious crimes. This police force looks after about 10 million people living in Greater London.
A police force of over 18,000 men and women is controlled from here by the Commissioner. Here, too, is the famous Information Room, working day and night, which receives information in a few seconds by telephone, radio and electronic devices about every incident in London, very important to the police. A special department deals with public relations, conducts tours, distinguished visitors, the Press and so on.
A daily newspaper edited and printed by the Scotland Yard contains particulars of persons `wanted' by the police with detailed descriptions of criminals and their photographs. A copy of the paper reaches every police station in the country. Scotland Yard catches crooks. Every convicted criminal finds a place on the index of the Criminal Record Office- his height and build, colour of hair and eyes, fingerprints, and above all, his way of going about crime. The criminal record office has records and they are used by the various police forces throughout the country.
The Scotland Yard has a map room. Here huge maps of London are hung. Some maps show every street and house. There is a crime map, made up at 8 o'clock every morning. It shows by pinned coloured flags every crime that has been committed in London. There is also a Traffic Map, showing from day to day where the most dangerous areas are in the city. The standard of police work set up a century and a quarter ago, perhaps the finest and the most scientific in the world, is maintained by the Scotland Yard.

Q. What does the traffic map show?

Read each of the following passages and answer the questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Scotland Yard is the headquarter of the Criminal Investigation Department of London Metropolitan Police of Britain. It was established in 1878. It is named from its original location in Scotland Yard, off Whitehall. Officers who work here are involved in solving serious crimes. This police force looks after about 10 million people living in Greater London.
A police force of over 18,000 men and women is controlled from here by the Commissioner. Here, too, is the famous Information Room, working day and night, which receives information in a few seconds by telephone, radio and electronic devices about every incident in London, very important to the police. A special department deals with public relations, conducts tours, distinguished visitors, the Press and so on.
A daily newspaper edited and printed by the Scotland Yard contains particulars of persons `wanted' by the police with detailed descriptions of criminals and their photographs. A copy of the paper reaches every police station in the country. Scotland Yard catches crooks. Every convicted criminal finds a place on the index of the Criminal Record Office- his height and build, colour of hair and eyes, fingerprints, and above all, his way of going about crime. The criminal record office has records and they are used by the various police forces throughout the country.
The Scotland Yard has a map room. Here huge maps of London are hung. Some maps show every street and house. There is a crime map, made up at 8 o'clock every morning. It shows by pinned coloured flags every crime that has been committed in London. There is also a Traffic Map, showing from day to day where the most dangerous areas are in the city. The standard of police work set up a century and a quarter ago, perhaps the finest and the most scientific in the world, is maintained by the Scotland Yard.

Q. The Information Room:

Read each of the following passages and answer the questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Scotland Yard is the headquarter of the Criminal Investigation Department of London Metropolitan Police of Britain. It was established in 1878. It is named from its original location in Scotland Yard, off Whitehall. Officers who work here are involved in solving serious crimes. This police force looks after about 10 million people living in Greater London.
A police force of over 18,000 men and women is controlled from here by the Commissioner. Here, too, is the famous Information Room, working day and night, which receives information in a few seconds by telephone, radio and electronic devices about every incident in London, very important to the police. A special department deals with public relations, conducts tours, distinguished visitors, the Press and so on.
A daily newspaper edited and printed by the Scotland Yard contains particulars of persons `wanted' by the police with detailed descriptions of criminals and their photographs. A copy of the paper reaches every police station in the country. Scotland Yard catches crooks. Every convicted criminal finds a place on the index of the Criminal Record Office- his height and build, colour of hair and eyes, fingerprints, and above all, his way of going about crime. The criminal record office has records and they are used by the various police forces throughout the country.
The Scotland Yard has a map room. Here huge maps of London are hung. Some maps show every street and house. There is a crime map, made up at 8 o'clock every morning. It shows by pinned coloured flags every crime that has been committed in London. There is also a Traffic Map, showing from day to day where the most dangerous areas are in the city. The standard of police work set up a century and a quarter ago, perhaps the finest and the most scientific in the world, is maintained by the Scotland Yard.

Q. Pick out the word from the passage that is opposite of 'common':

Read each of the following passages and answer the questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Scotland Yard is the headquarter of the Criminal Investigation Department of London Metropolitan Police of Britain. It was established in 1878. It is named from its original location in Scotland Yard, off Whitehall. Officers who work here are involved in solving serious crimes. This police force looks after about 10 million people living in Greater London.
A police force of over 18,000 men and women is controlled from here by the Commissioner. Here, too, is the famous Information Room, working day and night, which receives information in a few seconds by telephone, radio and electronic devices about every incident in London, very important to the police. A special department deals with public relations, conducts tours, distinguished visitors, the Press and so on.
A daily newspaper edited and printed by the Scotland Yard contains particulars of persons `wanted' by the police with detailed descriptions of criminals and their photographs. A copy of the paper reaches every police station in the country. Scotland Yard catches crooks. Every convicted criminal finds a place on the index of the Criminal Record Office- his height and build, colour of hair and eyes, fingerprints, and above all, his way of going about crime. The criminal record office has records and they are used by the various police forces throughout the country.
The Scotland Yard has a map room. Here huge maps of London are hung. Some maps show every street and house. There is a crime map, made up at 8 o'clock every morning. It shows by pinned coloured flags every crime that has been committed in London. There is also a Traffic Map, showing from day to day where the most dangerous areas are in the city. The standard of police work set up a century and a quarter ago, perhaps the finest and the most scientific in the world, is maintained by the Scotland Yard.

Q. Scotland Yard is known for:

Read each of the following passages and answer the question by selecting the most appropriate option.
Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.

Q. Woods in winter refer to:

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
Every year about two million people visit Mount Rushmore, where the faces of four U.S. Presidents were carved in granite by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his son, the late Lincoln Borglum. The creation of Mount Rushmore Monument took 14 years - from 1927 to 1941 - and nearly a million dollars. These were times when money was difficult to come by and many people were jobless. To move the more than 40,000 tons of rock, Borglum hired laid-off workers from the closed-down mines in the Black Hills area. He taught these men to dynamite, drill, carve, and finish the granite as they were hanging in midair in his specially devised chairs. which had many safety features.  Borglum was proud of the fact that no workers were killed or severely injured during the years of blasting and carving.
During the carving, many changes in the original design had to be made to keep the carved heads free of large fissures that were uncovered. However, not all the cracks could be avoided, so Borglum concocted a mixture of granite dust, white lead, and linseed oil to fill them.
Every winter, water from melting snows gets into the fissures and expands as it freezes, making the fissures bigger. Consequently, every autumn maintenance work is done to refill the cracks. The repairers swing out in space over a 500-foot drop and fix the monument with the same mixture that Borglum used to preserve this national monument for future generations.

Q. The word 'avoided' in line 11 is closest in meaning to 

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
Every year about two million people visit Mount Rushmore, where the faces of four U.S. Presidents were carved in granite by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his son, the late Lincoln Borglum. The creation of Mount Rushmore Monument took 14 years - from 1927 to 1941 - and nearly a million dollars. These were times when money was difficult to come by and many people were jobless. To move the more than 40,000 tons of rock, Borglum hired laid-off workers from the closed-down mines in the Black Hills area. He taught these men to dynamite, drill, carve, and finish the granite as they were hanging in midair in his specially devised chairs. which had many safety features.  Borglum was proud of the fact that no workers were killed or severely injured during the years of blasting and carving.
During the carving, many changes in the original design had to be made to keep the carved heads free of large fissures that were uncovered. However, not all the cracks could be avoided, so Borglum concocted a mixture of granite dust, white lead, and linseed oil to fill them.
Every winter, water from melting snows gets into the fissures and expands as it freezes, making the fissures bigger. Consequently, every autumn maintenance work is done to refill the cracks. The repairers swing out in space over a 500-foot drop and fix the monument with the same mixture that Borglum used to preserve this national monument for future generations.

Q. This passage is mainly about