CTET Paper-II (Social Studies/Social Science) Mock Test - 8 - CTET & State TET MCQ

निर्देश: गद्यांश को पढ़कर निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में सबसे उचित विकल्प को चुनिए।
प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा, ज्ञान प्राप्ति का सबसे बड़ा स्रोत माना जाता था। व्यक्ति के जीवन को सन्तुलित और श्रेष्ठ बनाने तथा एक नई दिशा प्रदान करने में शिक्षा का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान था। सामाजिक बुराइयों को उसकी जड़ों से निर्मूल करने और त्रुटिपूर्ण जीवन में सुधार करने के लिए शिक्षा की नितान्त आवश्यकता थी। यह एक ऐसी व्यवस्था थी, जिसके द्वारा सम्पूर्ण जीवन ही परिवर्तित किया जा सकता था। व्यक्ति को अपने व्यक्तित्व का विकास करने, वास्तविक ज्ञान को प्राप्त करने और अपनी समस्याओं को दूर करने के लिए शिक्षा पर निर्भर होना पड़ता था। आधुनिक युग की भाँति प्राचीन भारत में भी मनुष्य के चरित्र का उत्थान शिक्षा से ही सम्भव था। सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्वों को निष्ठापूर्वक वहन करना प्रत्येक मानव का परम उद्देश्य माना जाता है। इसके लिए भी शिक्षित होना नितान्त अनिवार्य है। जीवन की वास्तविकता को समझने में शिक्षा का उल्लेखनीय योगदान रहता है। भारतीय मनीषियों ने इस ओर अपना ध्यान केन्द्रित करके शिक्षा को समाज की आधारशिला के रूप में स्वीकार किया। विद्या का स्थान किसी भी वस्तु से बहुत ऊँचा बताया गया। प्रखर बुद्धि एवं सही विवेक के लिए शिक्षा की उपयोगिता को स्वीकार किया गया। यह माना गया कि शिक्षा ही मनुष्य की व्यावहारिक कर्तव्यों का पाठ पढ़ाने और सफल नागरिक बनाने में सक्षम है। इसके माध्यम से व्यक्ति का शारीरिक, मानसिक और आत्मिक अर्थात् सर्वांगीण विकास सम्भव है।
शिक्षा ने ही प्राचीन संस्कृति को संरक्षण दिया और इसके प्रसार में मदद की। विद्या का आरम्भ ‘उपनयन संस्कार’ द्वारा होता था। उपनयन संस्कार के महत्त्व पर प्रकाश डालते हुए मनुस्मृति में उल्लेख मिलता है कि गर्भाधान संस्कार द्वारा तो व्यक्ति का शरीर उत्पन्न होता है पर उपनयन संस्कार द्वारा उसका आध्यात्मिक जन्म होता है। प्राचीन काल में बच्चों को शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए आचार्य के पास भेजा जाता था। शतपथ ब्राह्मण के अनुसार, जो ब्रह्मचर्य ग्रहण करता है। वह लम्बी अवधि की यज्ञावधि ग्रहण करता है। छान्दोग्योपनिषद् में उल्लेख मिलता है कि आरुणि ने अपने पुत्र श्वेतकेतु को ब्रह्मचारी रूप से वेदाध्ययन के लिए गुरु के पास जाने को प्रेरित किया था। आचार्य के पास रहते हुए ब्रह्मचारी को तप और साधना का जीवन बिताते हुए विद्याध्ययन में तल्लीन रहना पड़ता था। इस अवस्था में बालक जो ज्ञानार्जन करता था उसका लाभ उसको जीवन भर  मिलता था। गुरु गृह में निवास करते हुए विद्यार्थी समाज के निकट सम्पर्क में आता था। गुरु के लिए समिधा, जल का लाना तथा गृह-कार्य करना उसका कर्त्तव्य माना जाता था। गृहस्थ धर्म की शिक्षा के साथ-साथ वह श्रम और सेवा का पाठ पढ़ता था। शिक्षा केवल सैद्धान्तिक और पुस्तकीय न होकर जीवन की वास्तविकताओं के निकट होती थी।

Q. प्रस्तुत गद्यांश का सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शीर्षक निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा हो सकता है?

दिए गए पद्यांश के आधार पर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन कीजिए।
आकाश का साफा बाँधकर 
सूरज की चिलम खींचता 
बैठा है पहाड़ 
घुटनों पर पडी है नदी चादर सी 
पास ही दाहक रही है 
पलाश के जंगल की अंगीठी 
अन्धकार दूर पूर्व में 
सिमटा बैठा है भेड़ो के गल्ले सा 
चानक बोला मोर 
जैसे किसी ने आवाज दी 
अजी सुनते हो 
चिलम औंधी 
धुँआ उठा 
सूरज डूबा 
अन्धकार छा गया।

Q. कविता में दो समानार्थी शब्द है:
1 अन्धकार 
2 अँधेरा इन दोनों के बारे में कौन सा कथन सत्य है?

निम्नलिखित कथनों  में से भाषा प्रयोगशाला का उपयोग क्या है?

प्राथमिक स्तर पर भाषा-शिक्षण का उद्देश्य यह है कि

जब कोई बच्चा बिना अधिक अभ्यास के स्वाभाविक रूप से कोई भाषा सीखता है, तो उसे कहते हैं:

प्राथमिक स्तर पर बालको में तर्क, विवेक, संकल्प व कल्पनाशक्ति की अभिवृद्धि के लिए आप निम्न में से चुनाव करोगे-

कक्षा 6 के बच्चे को वर्णमाला अधिगम में कठिनाई होती है। संभवतः वह अधिगम विकार से ग्रस्त है-

बच्चों में सुनने की निहित क्षमताओं में कौन सी क्रिया शामिल रहती है?

निदानात्मक परीक्षण में किसे महत्व दिया जाता है?

दिशानिर्देश: नीचे दिए गए गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक अध्ययन करे और इस पर आधारित प्रश्नो के उत्तर दे:
केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड (सीबीएसई) 10वीं कक्षा के अच्छे परिणाम से जहां खुशी का संचार हुआ है, वहीं इससे अन्य छात्रों को बेहतर पढ़ाई की प्रेरणा भी मिली है। कुल 91.46 प्रतिशत छात्र परीक्षा में सफल हुए हैं। पिछले वर्ष की तुलना में इस बार 0.36 प्रतिशत बेहतर नतीजे रहे हैं। अब यह आश्चर्य की बात नहीं कि लड़कियों ने 93.31 के पास प्रतिशत के साथ लड़कों को पछाड़ दिया है। लड़कों के पास होने का प्रतिशत 90.14 रहा है। खास बात यह रही कि इस वर्ष 2.23 प्रतिशत या 41,804 छात्रों ने 95 प्रतिशत से अधिक अंक प्राप्त किए हैं। यह बहुत सकारात्मक बात है कि 18 लाख विद्यार्थियों के बीच 1.84 लाख से अधिक ने 90 प्रतिशत से अधिक अंक हासिल किए हैं। मोटे तौर पर यह कहा जा सकता है कि 10 में से एक विद्यार्थी को 90 प्रतिशत से अधिक अंक हासिल होने लगे हैं, यह कहीं न कहीं बेहतर होती शिक्षा की ओर एक इशारा है।
एक अच्छी बात यह रही है कि सीबीएसई ने कोरोना वायरस के कारण उत्पन्न परिस्थितियों को देखते हुए इस वर्ष 12वीं और 10वीं, दोनों कक्षाओं के टॉपरों का एलान नहीं किया है। शिक्षाविद भी मानते हैं कि टॉपरों के एलान से लाभ कम और नुकसान ज्यादा होते हैं। आज छात्रों के बीच चिंता का माहौल है, वे घरों में रहने को विवश हैं, उनमें अकेलापन, अवसाद और अन्य तरह की समस्याएं बढ़ी हैं। अत: आज शिक्षा बोर्ड को ऐसी कोई पहल नहीं करनी चाहिए कि छात्रों की बड़ी जमात में किसी तरह का असंतोष, दुख या अपमान पैदा हो। कोरोना के इस दौर में हमें यह भी ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि 10वीं की परीक्षा ढंग से नहीं हो पाई है। अनेक विषयों की परीक्षा कोरोना के कारण स्थगित करनी पड़ी है। परीक्षा फिर से लेने के प्रयास भी सफल नहीं रहे हैं। ऐसे में, विद्यार्थी जिन विषयों की परीक्षा नहीं दे पाए हैं, उनमें उन्हें आनुपातिक रूप से ही अंक दिए गए हैं। इसलिए यह कहना गलत नहीं होगा कि परिणाम संपूर्ण नहीं है। यदि कोई छात्र परीक्षा रद्द होने से पहले तीन से अधिक विषयों की परीक्षा दे चुका था, तो उसे तीन उच्चतम प्राप्त अंकों के हिसाब से बाकी विषयों में अंक दिए गए हैं। इस व्यवस्था में उन छात्रों के साथ अच्छा नहीं हुआ है, जो तीन से कम विषयों की परीक्षा दे पाए थे। ऐसे विद्यार्थियों के परिणाम की गणना में आंतरिक, व्यावहारिक और परियोजना मूल्यांकन के अंकों पर भी गौर किया गया है।
बेशक, परीक्षा परिणाम सामने हैं, लेकिन कामचलाऊ ही हैं। उम्मीद करनी चाहिए कि कोरोना काबू में आएगा और दोबारा इस तरीके से मूल्यांकन की जरूरत नहीं रह जाएगी। गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा के लिए भी सामान्य शिक्षा, परीक्षा और परिणाम की बहाली बहुत जरूरी है। फिर भी एनसीईआरटी और सीबीएसई जैसी संस्थाओं को ऑनलाइन परीक्षा के पुख्ता तरीकों पर भी काम करना होगा। आने वाले दिनों में जो परीक्षाएं होंगी, उनका ढांचा कैसा हो? कैसे विद्यार्थियों का सही मूल्यांकन हो सके? इसके पैमाने चाक-चौबंद करने होंगे। आगे शिक्षा की चुनौतियां बहुत बढ़ रही हैं। शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता बनाए रखने के लिए विशेष प्रयास करने ही होंगे। दसवीं और बारहवीं की अगली परीक्षाओं में अब छह-सात महीने ही बचे हैं। सुनिश्चित करना होगा कि आगामी परीक्षाओं में सफल विद्यार्थियों की संख्या में कोई कमी न आने पाए।

Q. इस वर्ष के परिणाम को कामचलाऊ क्यों कहा गया है?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.

Q. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word unfold as used in the passage:

A language learning textbook for the first grade begins first with the alphabet, two-letter words, three letter words, and then stories and poems. Which method has been followed in this textbook?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.

Q. In the sentence, "Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare," what is the part of speech of 'care'?

In a language question paper, how much weightage may be given to knowledge?

Direction: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate options:
A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.
I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So, this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.
A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

Q. Why should I be obedient and respectful to my parents?

Direction: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate options:
A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.
I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So, this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.
A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

Q. Which of the following moral duties has not been mentioned in the passage?

The investigations which are conducted to check what the student learns while in school are called:

Identify the correct statement on teaching reading in English.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.

Q. Why do people not enjoy the beauty of Nature?

Diagnostic tests can be used to know:

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows.
Africa was once filled with an abundance of wild animals. But, that is changing fast. One of these animals, the black rhinoceros, lives on the plains of Africa. It has very poor eyesight and a very bad temper! Even though the black rhino is powerful, and can be dangerous, its strength cannot always help it to escape hunters. Some people think that the rhino’s horn has magical powers and many hunters kill rhinos for their valuable horns. This has caused the black rhino to be placed on the endangered species list. The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa. It once had no natural enemies, but is now endangered—killed for its ivory tusks. Wherever people are careless about the land, there are endangered species. Grizzly bears like to wander great distances. Each bear needs up to 1,500 square miles of territory to call its homeland. Today, because forests have been cleared to make room for people, the grizzly’s habitat is shrinking and the grizzly is disappearing. It joins other endangered North American animals, such as the red wolf and the American crocodile. In South America, destruction of the rain forest threatens many animals. Unusual mammals, such as the howler monkey and the three-toed sloth, are endangered. Beautiful birds like the great green macaw and the golden parakeet are also becoming extinct. They are losing their homes in the rain forest and thousands die when they are caught and shipped off to be sold as exotic pets. The giant panda of Asia is a fascinating and unique animal. Yet, there are only about 1,000 still living in the wild. The giant panda’s diet consists mainly of the bamboo plant, so when the bamboo forests die, so does the panda. China is now making an effort to protect these special creatures from becoming extinct. Unfortunately, it is people who cause many of the problems that animals face. We alter and pollute their habitats. We hunt them for skins, tusks, furs and horns. We destroy animals that get in the way of farming or building. And we remove them from their natural habitats and take them home as pets.

Q. Which of the following can be used as an example of a complex sentence?

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows.
Africa was once filled with an abundance of wild animals. But, that is changing fast. One of these animals, the black rhinoceros, lives on the plains of Africa. It has very poor eyesight and a very bad temper! Even though the black rhino is powerful, and can be dangerous, its strength cannot always help it to escape hunters. Some people think that the rhino’s horn has magical powers and many hunters kill rhinos for their valuable horns. This has caused the black rhino to be placed on the endangered species list. The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa. It once had no natural enemies, but is now endangered—killed for its ivory tusks. Wherever people are careless about the land, there are endangered species. Grizzly bears like to wander great distances. Each bear needs up to 1,500 square miles of territory to call its homeland. Today, because forests have been cleared to make room for people, the grizzly’s habitat is shrinking and the grizzly is disappearing. It joins other endangered North American animals, such as the red wolf and the American crocodile. In South America, destruction of the rain forest threatens many animals. Unusual mammals, such as the howler monkey and the three-toed sloth, are endangered. Beautiful birds like the great green macaw and the golden parakeet are also becoming extinct. They are losing their homes in the rain forest and thousands die when they are caught and shipped off to be sold as exotic pets. The giant panda of Asia is a fascinating and unique animal. Yet, there are only about 1,000 still living in the wild. The giant panda’s diet consists mainly of the bamboo plant, so when the bamboo forests die, so does the panda. China is now making an effort to protect these special creatures from becoming extinct. Unfortunately, it is people who cause many of the problems that animals face. We alter and pollute their habitats. We hunt them for skins, tusks, furs and horns. We destroy animals that get in the way of farming or building. And we remove them from their natural habitats and take them home as pets.

Q. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage?

What is the role of grammar in learning the written and spoken form of language?

What is most important in developing the reading skills of children?

Direction: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate options:
A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.
I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So, this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.
A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

Q. The word ‘always’ in “We should always observe from the standpoint of others” is a/an ______.

The Audio-Lingual Method is said to result in rapid acquisition of -

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.

Q. What are the town planners doing today?