Test: Biology Minor Mock Test- 1 (March 15) - NEET MCQ

Gymnosperms are also called as 'softwood spermatophytes' because they lack thick-walled vessels rendering them softwood plants; because vessels impart strength to wood.

Megasporangium of seed plants are called ovule. Ovule is present inside the ovary which terminates into seeds on ripening. It represent female reproductive unit.

The assertion is true because intercalary meristem is indeed characteristic of monocot plants, particularly grasses. The reason correctly explains the role of intercalary meristem, which is to contribute to the elongation of stems and leaves, a feature particularly important for the regrowth of grasses after grazing.

Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs.

He also divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not.

To evaluate the given assertion and reason, let's analyze each statement individually and then determine their relationship.

Assertion (A): Nematodes are pseudocoelomates.

Nematodes, also known as roundworms, are indeed pseudocoelomates. This means they have a body cavity that is not fully lined with mesodermal tissue.

Reason (R): Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not fully lined with mesoderm.

This statement is correct. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity called a pseudocoelom, which is only partially lined with mesoderm. In contrast, coelomates have a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm.

Now, let's determine if the reason correctly explains the assertion. The assertion states that nematodes are pseudocoelomates, and the reason provides a correct definition of what pseudocoelomates are.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

So, the correct answer is:

  4. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Methanogens bacteria are present in the guts of ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes.

The characteristic smell of cow dungs is due to methane gas produced by this bacteria.

Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, are known for having cnidoblasts (or cnidocytes), which are specialized cells that contain a stinging structure called a nematocyst. This feature is used for defense and capturing prey. Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of more advanced phyla like Chordata, the presence of a notochord defines Chordata, and a segmented body is a feature of Annelida and Arthropoda.

Answer: B. Indeterminate growth

Solution: Plants exhibit indeterminate growth, meaning they grow continuously throughout their lifespan. This type of growth is characterized by the ability of plants to keep increasing in size and often in complexity, due to the presence of meristematic tissues that retain the ability to divide and differentiate. This contrasts with determinate growth seen in most animals, where growth stops after reaching a certain stage of development. An interesting fact about indeterminate growth is that it allows plants to adapt and respond to their environment continuously, through processes such as branching and the formation of new leaves and flowers.

In Bryophytes, the sporophyte does not have a free-living stage. It is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and support. This contrasts with other plant groups like Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms, where the sporophyte is the dominant, free-living stage of the life cycle. Bryophytes represent an evolutionary step towards the land plant life cycle, where the sporophyte becomes increasingly independent.

Species of Sphagnum, a moss, provide peat that has long been used as fuel.

• The function of the stem is to bear leaves and branches.
• It also helps in the conduction of water and minerals and also helps in the conduction of food storage.
• The chief functions of the stem are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be changed into usable products by photosynthesis; and to deliver these products from the leaves to other parts of the plant, containing the roots.

Auxins play a crucial role in initiating rooting in stem cuttings. They stimulate cell division in the cambium, promote cell elongation in shoots, and at higher concentrations, can inhibit root growth. An interesting fact about auxins is that they are involved in the process of apical dominance, where the main central stem of the plant is dominant over

• Systematics is the study of the identification, taxonomy and nomenclature of organisms, including the classification of living things with regard to their natural relationships and the study of variation and the evolution of taxa.
• A major goal of biological classification systems is to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms.
• Knowing phylogenetic relationships is essential for interpreting the evolution of traits of organisms.

The plant shown above is cycas. This plant belongs to division cycadophyta and family cycadceae. It is diecious and native to India.

• The taxonomic ranks in descending order are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
• Higher taxon will comprise broader characteristic features and include features of its lower taxa.
• As a class would include order, family, genus and species.

• When a fresh water protozoan is placed in marine water the contractile vacuole of the protozoa disappear due to exoosmosis in which water from contractile vacuoles start moving out form higher concentration to lower concentration.

The edible part of turnip is a modified tap root. Tap roots are modified into various structures called as modified tap root. These modified structures does food storage. The type of modified tap roots are fusiform, napiform, conical, tuberous, pneumatophores. The edible part of turnip is fusiform tap root, where the primary root of the system is swollen at the middle and tapers gradually at both the ends forming a spindle shaped structure. 

• Slime moulds are saprophytic protists, moving along the dead leaves engulfing organic material.
• These are multinucleated and do not have cell divider and have stripped cytoplasm.
• Though monerans are prokaryotes, which incorporate all microscopic organisms, these do not contain stripped cytoplasm.
• Protist is a gathering of eukaryotic life forms that bear a very much characterized layer around cytoplasm, might be uni or multinucleated and organisms need exposing cytoplasm. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Slime moulds.'
 

Radish is an example of fusiform tap root. The edible part of radish is a modified tap root. In a plant with a taproot system, the taproot is the central and dominant root. Typically, a taproot is straight and very thick. It is tapering in shape and grows directly downward. There are different types of modified tap roots like fusiform, napiform, conical, tuberous roots. Fusiform root is swollen at the middle and tapers gradually at both the ends forming a spindle shaped structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Roots developing from plant parts other than radicle are adventitious roots because adventitious means coming from outside. That means they develop in places other than their natural position. They may arise from stems, leaves etc. Example: oak trees
So, the correct option is 'Adventitious'.

Gymnosperms are plants with produce seeds but lacks flower. These are non flowering plants. They produce naked seeds.

Biological names are Latinized and written in Italics. The generic epithet starts with capital letter while the second component specific epithet starts with small letter. Here the binomial nomenclature of Lion is Panthera leo but not Panthera Leo. Also, in Panthera Tigress the second component is written in capital letter which means that Panthera Tigress is not the answer. And in Panthera Lion the word Lion is not derived from Latin which reflects that Panthera Lion is also not the answer.

• Prop roots are specialized adventitious roots that develop from the branches of a tree and grow downwards towards the ground.
• They are a unique feature of the banyan tree, which is a type of fig tree (Ficus species).
• Prop roots arise from the aerial branches of the banyan tree and eventually reach the ground, where they penetrate the soil and provide additional support to the tree.

The members of class Chondrichthyes are marine animals with streamlined body and have cartilaginous endoskeleton.

• Option D, Chondrichthyes are a class of fish that includes species such as sharks, rays, and skates. One of the defining characteristics of Chondrichthyes is that they possess a skeleton made of cartilage, which is a flexible and lightweight material, as opposed to the bony skeleton found in most other vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and chordates.
• Option A, Reptilia possess a 3-chambered heart with incompletely divided ventricle, is not a correct answer as reptiles, such as snakes, lizards, and turtles, generally possess a 3-chambered heart with a partially divided ventricle, which allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. However, there are some exceptions among reptiles, such as crocodiles, which possess a 4-chambered heart with completely divided ventricles.
• Option B, Mammalia give birth to young ones, is not a correct answer as there are some mammals, such as monotremes like platypus and echidna, that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young.
• Option C, Chordates possess a mouth with an upper and lower jaw, is not a correct answer as not all chordates possess jaws. Jawless fish, such as lampreys and hagfish, which are also chordates, do not possess jaws.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference:  Topic : Class – Chondrichthyes” of chapter  Animal Kingdom

• Symmetry is an attribute of an organism showing regularity in body parts on a plane or around an axis.
• In Phylum Echinodermata, the adult echinoderms are radially symmetrical but the larvae are bilaterally symmetrical. 

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Topic: Phylum – Echinodermata” of chapter Animal Kingdom

Angiosperms are known for having a double fertilization process. This unique feature involves two sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg to form the zygote, while the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo. Double fertilization is a key characteristic that distinguishes angiosperms from other plant groups

Carrageenan, obtained from red algae, is used as a pharmaceutical emulsifier and in food industries. It is a type of phycocolloid that has thickening, gelling, and stabilizing properties, making it a valuable additive in various food products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals