Test: Biology Minor Mock Test- 4 (March 24) - NEET MCQ

Insulin is anabolic hormone because this hormone helps in conversion of glucose into glycogen.

• LH and FSH stimulate the gonadal activity and are therefore referred to as gonadotrophins.
• In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from the testis.

Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. Similarly, glucagon also stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis which also contributes to hyperglycemia.

Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids andprotein. This hormone is released from adrenal gland.

The persons living in hilly areas generally suffer from goiter disease. Goiter is caused due to iodine deficiency which may leads to cretinism. Goiternever leads to myxedemaor hypothyroidism.

Water- soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides e.g. thyroid- stimulating hormone, follicle- stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and insulin.
These molecules are not lipid- soluble and therefore they are not able to diffuse through cell membranes so they bind with the cell membrane bound receptors.

Hormones act as intercellular messengers. They are produced by endocrine glands and regulate various physiological processes by carrying messages from one part of the body to another, ensuring proper functioning and coordination among organs. 

The flower which contains either male or female reproductive part is called a unisexual flower.
Papaya plant produces either male or female flower in separate plants.

• Fertilization is the most important event in sexual reproduction.
• It is the process of fusion of 2 haploid gametes of different sex, forming one single diploid zygote.
• Also known as syngamy.

Bisexual flower have four main parts. Pistil or carpel is located at center followed by stamen, carpel and sepals. Pistil contains stigma, style and ovary.

The flower in which pollen grain is transferred from anther to stigma of anther flower by insects are colorful to attract insects and contain nectar.

• A germ pore is a small pore in the fungal pore’s outer wall from which the germ tube then exits at germination. If its location is taken into consideration then it can be apical or eccentric.
• Germ pore plays an essential part in the fertilization of plants. It helps in pollen tube formation and releases the male gamete during fertilization.

Angiospermic embryo sac is 8-nucleate but 7-celled at maturity. This includes 3- celled egg Synergids, 3 antipodal cells and 2 polar nuclei.

Ovule/s are located inside the ovary. The point of attachment of the ovule to the ovary is called the funicle. Funicle extends to hilum as stalk.

• Syngamy is the fusion of 2 haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.
• This process of fusion happens internally inside the female body.
• Because of this, syngamy is also often known as internal fertilization.

• During birth, prostaglandins initiate the contraction in smooth muscles of uterine wall which causes labor pains.
• The pressure of fetus’s head against the cervix and send signals to make hypothalamus to trigger the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary. Together, oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandins stimulate strong uterine muscle contraction forcing the fetus downwards and thereby expelling it out of the uterus. Thus, to hasten the childbirth, it is advisable to administer the hormone that stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction i.e. oxytocin. This makes option A correct.

As in the case of any other cell, sperms are enveloped by a phospholipid bilayer, which is also called as plasma membrane or cell membrane.

• Sperm can be divided into 4 parts namely: head, neck, middle piece and tail.
• The haploid nucleus is present in the head.
• Acrosome is the cap-like structure of head which helps it to fertilize the ovum.

FSH is responsible for the initiation of spermatogenesis and sperm differentiation. It binds with Sertoli cells and spermatogonia and induces proliferation of spermatogonia .

So, the correct answer is 'FSH'.

• One primary oocyte will form one secondary oocyte and one polar body. One secondary oocyte will further form one ovum and one polar body and 1st polar body will produce two more polar bodies.
• So 1 primary oocyte will eventually form one ovum. So, 100 primary oocytes will form 100 eggs.

RCH stands for Reproductive and Child Health care.

Main aim of this program: Creating awareness among the people about different aspects of reproduction and available facilities for child health care.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: topic “REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES” of chapter: Reproductive Health.

• Within the framework of the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", reproductive health, or sexual health/hygiene, addresses the reproductive processes, functions, and system at all stages of life.
• The different aspects of the reproductive phase include knowledge and precaution against STDs, different available contraceptive methods as well as assisted reproductive technologies for infertile couples.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: topic “REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – Birth Control” of chapter: Reproductive Health.
 

Encephalitis (en-sef-uh-LIE-tis) is inflammation of the brain.

• There are several causes, but the most common is viral infection. 
• Encephalitis often causes only mild flu-like signs and symptoms — such as a fever or headache — or no symptoms at all.
• Common vectors include mosquitoes.
• Diseases such as Syphilis, AIDS and Genital Herpes are considered as sexually transmitted disease.

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: topic “SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

In ET (embryo transfer) technique, in vitro fertilized embryo is transferred into the fallopian tube or uterus for further development.

• In this type of technique, male and female gametes are fused outside the mother's body. It is used either when the male cannot produce enough sperms to fertilize the ovum or the females can not release ova for the purpose.
• After the embryo reaches 8 celled stages, known as the morula, it is transferred to the female fallopian tubule. If it is in the 16 celled stages, known as blastomere, it is transferred directly to the female uterus. 

Embryo Transfer technique:

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: topic “INFERTILITY” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• Sex education in schools should be encouraged to provide right information to young and to discourage children from believing in myths and misconceptions about sex related aspects.
• Proper information about reproductive organs, adolescence and related changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases (STD), AIDS, etc., would help people, especially those in the adolescent age group to lead a reproductively healthy life.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic “REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• The lactational amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the cycle does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition.
• Therefore, as long as the mother breast-feeds the child fully, chances of conception are almost nil. However, this method has been reported to be effective only upto a maximum period of six months following parturition.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• India has a high rate of illegal female foeticides. With the advent of sex determination, this number has only increased.
• In order to prevent MTP from resulting in female foeticides, the Government of India has posed a restriction to check this issue.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.