Test: Information and Ideas - SAT MCQ

The correct answer is C. The passage discusses the concept of free riders and the free rider problem in the context of public goods and services provided by the government. It explains that free riders are individuals who benefit from these goods or services without contributing their fair share, which can lead to others reducing their contributions as well.

While the passage acknowledges that free rider problems exist and can be seen as a necessary cost of government, it does not suggest that they are entirely inevitable or that they should not be addressed. Instead, it suggests that there are situations in which the free rider problem should not be viewed as inevitable. This aligns with option C, which states that there are at least some situations in which the free rider problem should not be seen as an inevitable part of government.

Options A and B are incorrect because they suggest that free rider problems are unavoidable and not worth addressing, which contradicts the passage's acknowledgment that they can have negative consequences. Option D is incorrect because it misinterprets the passage's argument about national defense. The passage does not suggest that free rider problems need to be stamped out immediately, but rather that they are a factor to consider in the provision of public goods and services.

The correct answer is A. The passage describes Jane Eyre's outward tranquility in contrast to her inner restlessness and contemplation of leaving Thornfield Hall. The main purpose of the text is to convey this contrast between Jane's external demeanor and her internal turmoil, as evidenced by her "day's business tranquilly" juxtaposed with her "vague suggestions" and thoughts of leaving. This choice accurately captures the central theme of the passage.

Option B is incorrect because the passage does not primarily emphasize Jane's loyalty to the people she works for at Thornfield Hall; rather, it focuses on her internal struggle and contemplation of leaving.

Option C is incorrect because while the passage suggests Jane's contemplation of new situations, it does not necessarily indicate that she finds her current situation both challenging and deeply fulfilling.

Option D is incorrect because although Jane considers the possibility of seeking new employment outside of Thornfield Hall, this is not the main purpose of the text. The main focus is on her internal conflict and the contrast between her outward calmness and inner restlessness.

The correct choice is B. This option logically completes the text by stating that the evolution of larger body sizes in sauropods did not depend on increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. This assertion aligns with the argument presented in the passage, which highlights the lack of evidence linking significant spikes in carbon dioxide levels with key periods in sauropod evolution. Therefore, it suggests that factors other than atmospheric carbon dioxide levels likely influenced the evolution of sauropod sizes.

Option A does not directly address the main point of the argument, which is the lack of evidence for the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and sauropod evolution.

Option C introduces new information about carbon dioxide levels during different periods but does not directly address the argument regarding the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and sauropod evolution.

Option D introduces a hypothetical scenario about the impact of higher carbon dioxide levels on sauropod evolution but does not directly address the lack of evidence presented in the passage. Therefore, it is not the most logical completion of the text.

The correct choice is D. This option most logically completes the passage by providing a crucial piece of information that supports the argument. It explains that impacts to the temple area are very likely to cause brain injury because the bone in that area is relatively thin. This information reinforces the importance of protecting the temple regions of the head in bicycle accidents, as injuries in this area can lead to serious consequences such as brain injury.

Option A introduces information about helmet usage among bicyclists in the study but does not directly address the need for protection in the temple area.

Option B discusses the understanding of helmet protection among bicyclists but does not directly relate to the need for protection in the temple area.

Option C provides information about the potential drawbacks of helmets that protect the temple area, but it does not directly support the argument that such protection would greatly reduce the risk of serious head injury in bicycle accidents.

Therefore, option D is the most logical completion of the passage as it directly supports the argument presented in the passage.

The correct answer is A.

Text 2 provides a specific example (the comparison between women's high-waisted shirts from the early 2000s and 18th-century empire-style gowns) to illustrate the broad claim made in Text 1 (the idea that general trends tend to repeat themselves throughout human history).

Therefore, Text 2 supports and elaborates on the point made in Text 1 by offering a concrete example of how historical patterns and trends can be observed in fashion history. This choice accurately describes the relationship between the two texts.

Option B is incorrect because Text 2 does not present arguments that are generally opposed to the primary position made in Text 1; instead, it complements and supports the claim made in Text 1.

Option C is incorrect because there is no indication in the texts that Text 1 emphasizes a modern approach to the study of history while Text 2 is more antiquated. Both texts discuss historical patterns and trends in human behavior.

Option D is incorrect because Text 1 does not address any objections raised by Text 2. Instead, Text 2 offers a specific example to illustrate and support the broad claim made in Text 1.

The most logical completion of the text is option B:

"Students seeking admission to college are not accepted solely based on their SAT scores."

This choice maintains the correct subject-verb agreement and accurately conveys the idea that college admissions are not determined solely by SAT scores. It is the students who are seeking admission, not the admissions themselves.

Option A incorrectly uses "admissions" as the subject, suggesting that the admissions themselves are being accepted or rejected, which is not the intended meaning.

Option C introduces the concept of a "school score," which is not mentioned in the original text and is therefore irrelevant.

Option D changes the meaning of the sentence by suggesting that admissions are not accepted at all based on scores, which contradicts the original statement that other factors, such as grade point averages and extracurricular activities, are also considered.

The correct choice is D.

This choice best describes data from the table that support the researchers' claim because it indicates that for each species, the percentage of juvenile plants growing in patches of vegetation was substantially higher than what would be expected if plants were randomly distributed. This suggests that there is an advantage to growing in close proximity to other plants, as claimed by the researchers.

Option A is incorrect because it provides a general statement about the distribution of juvenile plants without specifying whether it supports the researchers' claim.

Option B is incorrect because it only mentions one species, and the researchers' claim is based on the overall pattern observed across multiple species.

Option C is incorrect because it focuses on specific species rather than providing a general trend across all five species.

The correct choice is C.

Option C effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example by stating that most of the farmers who mainly cultivated non-root vegetables in both the north and south regions of Ondo were women. This choice aligns with the information provided in the text, which states that female farmers were found to be especially prominent in the cultivation of specific types of crops in some regions.

Option A only specifies the situation in south Ondo and does not mention the north, so it does not fully represent the data from the graph.

Option B compares women's cultivation of root crops to their cultivation of cereals in central Ondo, which is not directly related to the example provided in the text.

Option D mentions a relatively equal proportion of women cultivating cereals across the three regions, but it does not specify the types of crops or regions mentioned in the text and does not effectively complete the example.

Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice as it accurately uses data from the graph to complete the example provided in the text.

The correct choice is A.

Option A effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text by providing information about the number of organic farms in Washington. This choice aligns with the information provided in the text, which states that California had between 2,600 and 2,800 organic farms, implying that Washington had a substantial number of organic farms but fewer than California.

Option B states that New York had fewer than 800 organic farms, which does not accurately reflect the information provided in the text.

Option C mentions the number of organic farms in Wisconsin and Iowa, which is not directly relevant to completing the text about the number of organic farms in California.

Option D states that Pennsylvania had more than 1,200 organic farms, which again is not directly relevant to completing the text about the number of organic farms in California.

Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice as it accurately uses data from the graph to provide information about the number of organic farms in Washington, completing the text about the states with the greatest number of organic farms in 2016.

The correct choice is C.

Option C effectively uses data from the table to complete the example by stating that the average ablation rate for iron from Halley-type comet (HTC) dust is 90%. This choice aligns with the information provided in the text, which states that material in faster-moving HTC or OCC dust has a higher rate of ablation compared to slower-moving SPC or AST dust.

Option A, stating that iron from short-period comet (SPC) dust is 20%, does not reflect the information provided in the text about slower-moving dust having lower ablation rates.

Option B, stating that sodium from Oort cloud comet (OCC) dust is 100%, is not directly related to the comparison between iron from different dust sources.

Option D, stating that sodium from asteroid belt (AST) dust is 75%, does not effectively complete the example because it does not provide information about iron from HTC dust, which is what the text and question are focusing on.

Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice as it accurately uses data from the table to complete the example about the average ablation rate for iron from HTC dust.