Science advances in a/an ________ spiral in that each new conceptual scheme embraces the phenomena explained by its predecessors and adds to those explanations.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Despite ______ technological innovations, including cell-phone cameras, pagers, hand-held computers, and a multitude of other devices intended to streamline and ease our hectic lives; life does not seem to be getting simpler.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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Instead of elucidating the complex process of wiring an eleven-room home for ceiling speakers and the Internet, Eliza paints an incomprehensible picture of a "smart home" and further ______ the intricacies of home-networking.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Animals have a variety of ways of protecting themselves from enemies. Some animals adapt in shape and color to their environment. The tree frog, for example, Blends perfectly into its surroundings. When it sits motionless, a background of leaves completely hides the tree frog.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The nation had few taxes in its early history. From 1791 to 1802, the United States government was supported by internal taxes on distilled spirits, carriages, refined sugar, tobacco, property sold at auction, corporate bonds, and slaves. The high costs of the War of 1812 brought about the nation's first sales tax on gold, silverware, jewelry, and watches. In 1817, however, Congress expunged all internal taxes, relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient funds for running the government.
In 1862, in order to support the Civil War effort, Congress enacted the nation's first income tax law. It was a forerunner of our modern income tax in that it was based on the principles of graduated taxation and of withholding income at the source. During the Civil War, a person earning from $600 to $10,000 per year paid tax at the rate of 3%. Those with incomes of more than $10,000 paid taxes at a higher rate. Additional sales and excise taxes were added, and an "inheritance" tax also made its debut. In 1866, internal revenue collections reached their highest point in the nation's 90-year-history—more than $310 million, an amount not reached again until around 1911.
Which best captures the meaning of the word "graduated"?