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First Mars Mission from UAE
In the early morning hours of July 20 on Tanegashima, a small (a)………. just off the southern coast of Kyushu, Japan, a 174-foot rocket roared to life and lifted a spacecraft on the first leg of a 306-million-mile (b)…………… to Mars.
The spacecraft itself, however, is not Japanese. Called al-Amal, or "Hope," it was (c)………. and managed by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) in the United Arab Emirates. Safely separated now from the Japanese rocket, the probe will fire its own thrusters to leave Earth orbit for Mars in about 28 days, arriving in February 2021 (d)………… to an Arab country. the first interplanetary voyage initiated by an Arab Country.
"It was an indescribable feeling," Sarah al-Amiri, the UAE's minister of advanced (e)…….. and the Hope science lead, said after the launch. "This is the future of the UAE."
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Rock Climbing
Rock climbing is a sport in which participants climb up, down or across natural rock formations or (a)……….. rock walls. The goal is to reach the summit of a formation or the endpoint of a usually pre-defined route without falling. Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding (b)..........., one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility and balance along with mental control. Knowledge of proper climbing techniques and the use of specialized climbing equipment is (c)………. for the safe completion of routes.
Because of the wide range and variety of rock (d)……… around the world, rock climbing has been separated into several different styles and sub-disciplines, such as scrambling, another (e)..……. involving the scaling of hills and similar formations, differentiated by rock climbing's sustained use of hands to support the climber's weight as well as to provide balance.
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Desert
A fifth of the earth's land consists of dry, barren regions called deserts, empty of all but a few plants, the hardiest of animals and (a)........... wandering tribes. Life for the desert dwellers, such as the Bedouin nomads who roam the Middle East, is a constant fight for survival, (b)……… food and water are very little.
Little rain falls in deserts because the air is warm and no clouds can form. The clear skies make (c)………... deserts scorch with the sun's heat by day, but with no clouds to drop heat, the temperature (d)………. drop below freezing at night. Many deserts contain huge mounds of sand called dunes. The wind heaps up sand to form the sand dunes (e)......... look like the sea waves.
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The Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes, awarded annually (a)…………… distinguished work in chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature and international peace, were made available (b)……….. a fund bequeathed for the purpose by Swedish philanthropist, Alfred Nobel.
The prizes awarded since 1901, are administered by the Nobel Foundation (c)………… Stockholm. In 1969, a prize for economics endowed by the Central bank of Sweden was added. Candidates for the prizes must be nominated in writing by a qualified authority in the field of competition. Candidates are judged by Swedish and Norwegian academies and institutes (d)…………. the basis of their contribution to mankind. The awards are usually presented in Stockholm on December 10, with the king of Sweden officiating, an appropriate tribute to Alfred Nobel on the anniversary (e)………….. his death. Each prize includes a gold medal, a diploma and a cash award of about one million dollars.
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Our Unknown World
The UAE has recently conducted several space missions. With these, it has joined an exclusive club of nations capable of exploring (a)………. the earth's atmosphere. However, (b)…….. how difficult it is to reach outer space, it's rather surprising that in many ways we know more about what's above us than what is (c)…………… us. For example, humans have explored less than 5% of the world's oceans, and (d)………… people have been to the moon than to the deepest parts of the sea. Similarly, (e)………… we have models of what lies under our feet. We can currently progress just a few kilometers underground. It seems we still have a lot to learn about our world.
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Ancient Cooking
Cooking is an ancient skill. Archaeologists have found (a)……….. of campfires used for cooking that are nearly 1.5 million years old. Prehistoric cooking techniques were not very (b)……….. . They consisted of holding meat over a fire or boiling it until it was safe to eat. It would then be (c)……….. with vegetables, fruit, and nuts, resulting in a nutritious diet.
Yet, so skilled were these ancient chefs at preparing food that they could make even dangerous food safe to eat. For instance, they created a process to remove (d)……… cyanide from cassava, resulting in tapioca, a food eaten all over the world today. They also devised methods to preserve food using smoking and drying techniques, thereby making sure they always had (e)……….. of food even during difficult times. These techniques are still in use by chefs and cooks today.
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Obesity
Modern life brings many health problems. One of these is obesity, which is a growing (a)……….. worldwide. If you are obese, you have too much body fat. This increases the risk of other health problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease. Obesity (b)……….. when you take in more calories than you burn, in normal everyday activities or through exercise. These (c) ……….. calories are then stored in the body as fat.
Obesity is often a result of choices in lifestyle. Many people eat an unhealthy diet, full of junk food and (d)………. fresh fruit and vegetables. A lack of physical activities can also (e)……… to obesity. Many people spend their leisure time watching television or using a computer, instead of moving and exercising.
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Maglev Trains
Over the last two hundred years, trains have used steam, diesel, and electricity as fuel for propulsion. Now alternative power sources are being developed, and Japan's Maglev train is an example of (a)..............
The incredible speed of the Maglev is (b)………. to powerful magnets installed in the rails. The magnetic force repels the train and so lifts it up (c)………. the rails. Another set of magnets pushes the train forward. As the train is not in contact with the rails, there is no friction, and the result is speeds of (d)…………. to 600 kilometers per hour. Although these trains can reach amazing speeds, they are almost silent, (e)………… reducing noise pollution. They can also stop in a surprisingly short distance.
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We (a)........... (b)………. (c)………….. (d)............. (e)........... (f)........... we could just stay here. What would you like to do?
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John said (a).............. (b)............ (c)…………. (d)………….. (e)............. (f)............ (g)............