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Judiciary Exams Exam  >  Judiciary Exams Tests  >  Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Judiciary Exams MCQ

Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Judiciary Exams MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities

Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities for Judiciary Exams 2024 is part of Judiciary Exams preparation. The Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities questions and answers have been prepared according to the Judiciary Exams exam syllabus.The Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities MCQs are made for Judiciary Exams 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities below.
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Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 1
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What is the primary origin of the Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities in the United States federal system?

Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 1
The Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities in the United States federal system primarily originates from a judicial interpretation. This concept was not explicitly stated in the American Constitution but evolved through legal interpretations and precedents set by the judiciary. Judicial interpretations play a crucial role in shaping legal doctrines and principles, providing guidance on how different levels of government should interact within a federal system.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 2
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What is the main implication of the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities on the authority of government entities?

Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 2
The doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities implies limitations on the authority of government entities within a federal system. By granting immunity from taxation to properties, functions, and instrumentalities of one government level when operating within another, this doctrine sets boundaries on the extent to which each government entity can exercise its authority. These limitations help maintain a balance of powers between the central and state governments, preventing overreach and ensuring a functional federal system.
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Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 3
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In the context of the Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities, what was the significant outcome of the landmark case McCulloch v. Maryland?

Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 3
The landmark case McCulloch v. Maryland resulted in the prohibition of State taxation on Federal Government properties. This ruling established the principle that Federal Government properties, functions, and instrumentalities were exempt from State taxation, thereby protecting the central government from potential State encroachments through excessive taxation.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 4
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Which landmark case established that Maryland's attempt to tax a federally chartered bank was prohibited, leading to the exemption of Federal Government properties from State taxation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 4
The landmark case McCulloch v. Maryland prohibited Maryland's attempt to tax a federally chartered bank, thereby establishing that Federal Government properties, functions, and instrumentalities were exempt from State taxation. This ruling played a pivotal role in defining the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities and the relationship between State and Federal taxation.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 5
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Why is the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities considered necessary in a federal system?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 5
The doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities is crucial in a federal system to prevent conflicts over tax liabilities between governments. It ensures that the property of one government is protected from being taxed by another, streamlining tax-related complexities. By granting mutual immunity, this principle helps in maintaining a harmonious tax environment and avoiding potential disputes between the Union and State Governments.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 6
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How does the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities help in the smooth functioning of a federal system?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 6
The doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities contributes to the smooth functioning of a federal system by safeguarding the property of one government from being taxed by another. This protection ensures clarity in tax assessments and calculations, simplifies administrative processes, and helps in avoiding unnecessary conflicts or redundancies in tax-related matters between the Union and State Governments.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 7
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What is the primary purpose of granting mutual immunity under the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 7
The primary purpose of granting mutual immunity under the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities is to prevent conflicts over tax liabilities between governments in a federal system. By ensuring that each government's property is protected from being taxed by the other, this principle helps in maintaining tax-related harmony and cooperation, ultimately reducing the likelihood of disputes or overlaps in tax responsibilities.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 8
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What is the primary focus of the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities in India?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 8
The doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities in India primarily focuses on limiting inter-governmental tax immunities. This concept is crucial in understanding the scope and application of immunities within the Indian legal framework. It ensures that while certain immunities exist, they are not as broad or general as in some other legal systems.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 9
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Which articles of the Indian Constitution primarily address immunities related to instrumentalities?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 9
Articles 285, 287, 288, and 289 of the Indian Constitution are the key provisions that primarily address immunities related to instrumentalities. These articles lay down the specific constitutional framework within which immunities are granted or recognized in India.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 10
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How does the doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities in India differ from that in the United States?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 10
Unlike the United States, where a broad and general doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities exists, in India, immunities are primarily derived from specific constitutional provisions. This distinction highlights the nuanced differences in how these two countries approach and grant immunities to instrumentalities within their legal frameworks.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 11
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What does Article 285 of the Indian Constitution primarily entail regarding property ownership by the Union and State taxation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 11
Article 285 of the Indian Constitution establishes that property owned by the Union is typically exempt from State taxation. However, certain exceptions exist, allowing States to tax Union properties that were previously taxable by the State before the Constitution's enactment, provided specific conditions are met. This provision outlines a balance between Union property immunity and permissible State taxation.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 12
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How do Articles 287 and 288 of the Indian Constitution provide immunity to specific Union activities from State taxation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 12
Articles 287 and 288 of the Indian Constitution offer immunity to particular Union activities rather than across-the-board property exemptions. These articles specifically exclude Union agencies' electricity and water consumption or sale from State taxation. This targeted immunity aims to streamline certain essential Union activities and prevent undue financial burdens.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 13
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Under Article 289(3) of the Indian Constitution, what type of government operations related to trade or business are considered tax-exempt?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 13
Article 289(3) of the Indian Constitution specifies that trade or business activities incidental to government operations are tax-exempt. This provision aims to differentiate between core governmental functions and related commercial activities, ensuring that only business operations closely tied to government functions enjoy tax immunity.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 14
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Under which article of the Indian Constitution are specific Union activities, such as electricity and water consumption or sale by Union agencies, exempt from State taxation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 14
Articles 287 and 288 of the Indian Constitution offer immunity to specific Union activities, exempting them from State taxation. Specifically, these articles ensure that activities like electricity and water consumption or sale by Union agencies are not taxed by the State.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 15
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According to Article 289(2) of the Indian Constitution, under what circumstances can States tax State business operations, property used for trade, or income from such activities?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 15
Article 289(2) of the Indian Constitution empowers States to tax State business operations, property used for trade, or income from such activities if Parliament authorizes such taxation. This provision delineates the conditions under which States can levy taxes on specific business-related operations within their jurisdiction.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 16
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What does Article 289(3) of the Indian Constitution state regarding taxation of trade or business incidental to government operations?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 16
Article 289(3) of the Indian Constitution specifies that trade or business incidental to government operations is tax-exempt. This provision ensures that activities closely related to government operations are not burdened with additional taxation, promoting the efficient functioning of government-related businesses.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 17
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What is the significance of the phrase "Save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide" in Article 285 of the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 17
The phrase "Save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide" in Article 285 gives Parliament the authority to pass laws enabling States to levy taxes on Union property. This provision empowers Parliament to regulate and control the taxation of Union property by States, ensuring a structured and consistent approach to taxation laws.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 18
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Under what conditions can local bodies tax Union properties according to Clause 2 of Article 285 in the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 18
Clause 2 of Article 285 empowers local bodies to tax Union properties that were previously subject to taxation before the commencement of the Constitution. This provision allows local authorities to continue taxing Union properties under specific conditions, ensuring a degree of continuity in taxation practices.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 19
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In the legal case analysis of "Governor-General of India in Council v. Corporation of Calcutta," what was the central issue that the court deliberated on?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 19
The central issue in the legal case analysis was whether buildings constructed after April 1, 1937, were exempt from taxation. The court ruled that the valuation should be based on the property's composition as of March 1, 1937, and buildings constructed after that date should be excluded from assessment. This decision highlighted the importance of understanding the timeline of property construction in determining tax liabilities.
Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 20
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How did the court's ruling impact properties that were treated as liable before April 1937 in the legal case analysis of "Governor-General of India in Council v. Corporation of Calcutta"?
Detailed Solution for Test: Doctrine of Immunity of Instrumentalities - Question 20
Properties that were treated as liable before April 1937 did not enjoy the exemption provided by the main provision of the section according to the court's ruling. This meant that despite their previous tax liabilities, they were not eligible for the exemptions granted to properties constructed after specific dates outlined in the decision.
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