What is the fundamental principle that Article 14 of the Indian Constitution mandates regarding laws within India?

Ensuring equity and justice for all individuals

Upholding the supremacy of the State

Providing special privileges to marginalized groups

Guaranteeing freedom of speech and expression

How do recent judicial trends reflect a progressive stance regarding Article 14 of the Indian Constitution?

By limiting the rights of marginalized groups

By advocating for stricter legal enforcement

By advancing the rights of marginalized groups like women and minorities

By promoting discriminatory practices in law enforcement

What does Article 14 of the Indian Constitution primarily ensure?

Equal opportunities for all individuals

Equality before the law and equal protection of laws

What is the key criteria for a classification to be valid under Article 14?

The classification must be arbitrary

The classification must be based on personal preferences

The differentia must have a rational relation to the objectives of the law

The differentia must be based on gender

What is the burden of proof when challenging a differential treatment under Article 14?

The burden of proof lies with the state

The burden of proof lies with the judiciary

The burden of proof lies with the petitioner

The burden of proof lies with the legislative body

What is the burden of proof when it comes to demonstrating the lack of a valid basis for a differential treatment under Article 14?

The burden lies with the government

The burden lies with the judiciary

The burden lies with the petitioner

The burden lies with the legislature

What is the primary purpose of Article 14 of the Indian Constitution?

To establish a monarchy in India

To ensure equality before the law and equal protection of laws

To promote discrimination based on social status

To grant special privileges to government officials

What is the key requirement for a classification to be considered valid under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution?

The classification must target specific individuals

The classification must be based on arbitrary factors

The classification must lack a rational relation to the law's objectives

The classification must have a rational basis and lawful rationale

How was Article 14 of the Constitution interpreted with regards to arbitrariness?

Article 14 supported arbitrary actions.

Arbitrariness was not considered a violation of Article 14.

Equality and arbitrariness were deemed unrelated.

Article 14 was seen as a guarantee against arbitrariness.

What was the key impact of the doctrine of arbitrariness on the understanding of Article 14?

It emphasized the need for stricter classifications.

It reduced the scope of Article 14.

It expanded the understanding of Article 14.

It eliminated the need for reasonableness.

What is the primary goal of using the concept of constitutionalism in a country's governance?

To grant unlimited power to the government

To establish checks on government authority

To eliminate citizen responsibilities

To discourage the practice of democracy

What significant legal milestone was achieved in the case of Navtej Johar & Ors. v. Union of India?

Decriminalization of homosexuality

Establishment of a national language

In the context of legal reforms in India, what did the Supreme Court establish in the case of Shayara Bano v. Union of India?

Declaration of instant triple talaq as unconstitutional

Recognition of communal marriage

How did the Supreme Court's ruling in Joseph Shine v. Union of India impact Indian society?

Establishment of a national dress code

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